00001~~~javanica~a 85~A 85~1984~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1970  from a patient in the province of Yunnan, China, and described by Gao et al. (1984) as a new serovar numed A 85, reference strain A 85. Its serovar status was confirmed by a RL. The TSC (Manchester, 1986) recognized the serovar in spite of tis incorrect naming which is expected to be changed into mengla (Chen Ting-zuo: personal communication).
Because of incomplete documentation the strain is listed with i.d. in the REvised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988), and in the attached updated list.
00002~~~pyrogenes~abramis~ABRAHAM~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Malaysia sometime during the years 1953-195 and described as a new serovar of the Pyrogenes group named abramis, ref. strain Abraham (Alexander et al., 1957).

The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967), who confirmed its separate status and sugested that the serovar should be placed in the subgroup Zanoni (Dikken, Kmety, 1978).
00003~~~djasiman~agogo~AGOGO~1986~HUMAN~Ghana~~The strain was isolated from the urine of a jaundiced boy of 12 years old admitted to the Agogo Presbyterian Hospital, Ghana. (Hogerzeil et al., 1986). The paper mentions that the strain was typed inthe RL in Amsterdam and considered to be a new serovar closely related to sentot, serogroup Djasiman. The serovar name agogo, with reference strain Agogo is proposed.
As the serovar was not published at the time of the TSC meeting in Manchester (1986) but known to be typed as a separate serovar by a RL, it was placed in the Annex of the Revised List of 1988. Since then it has been published and is therefore now removed from the Annex to the main list. Since no typing results are given in Hogerziel's paper, it is marked by i.t. in the attached updated list.
00004~~~pyrogenes~alexi~HS 616~1963~HUMAN~~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Puerto Rico in 1951 and described, after comparison with serovars pyrogenes and zanoni, as a new serovar named alexi, with ref. strain HS 616 (Alexander et al., 1963). The new serovar first appears in the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965). The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967), who confirmed its status. Later it was suggested that the serovar should be placed in the subgroup Pyrogenes (Dikken, Kmety, 1978).
00005~~~autumnalis~alice~ALICE~~HUMAN~Sri Lanka~~The strain was isolated 1966 from a man in Sri Lanka and is mentioned y Chernukha in the Fifth Int. Exch. in Leptospirosis (WHO, 1968) as a new serovar alice, ref. strain Alice. Nityananda and Harvey(1971) considered the strain to represent a new serovar. However conflicting typing results have been reported. It therefore was placed in the Revised List 1988 with ++. Because of the subsequent realization that no documentation and valid description was given, the serovar is now placed in the Annex of the attached updated serovar list.
00006~~~celledoni~anhoa~LT 90-68~1971~HUMAN~South Vietnam~~The strain was isolated in 1968 from a patient in South Vietnam and described as a new serovar in the Javanica group named anhoa, reference strain LT 90-68 (Tsai, Sulzer,1971). Because of its closer relationship with the member of the Celledoni group, it is listed in Dikken and Kmet's publication (1978) as a separate serovar of the Cellodoni group. The new serovar was recognized by the TSC (1986) and is included in the list of 1988 as a member of the Celledoni group (Kmety and Dikken, 1988).
00007~~~ballum~arborea~ARBOREA~1965~WOOD MOUSE (APODEMUS SILVATYCUS)~Italy~~the strain was isolated in 1955 from a wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), captured at Arborea-Sardegna, Italy (Babudieri and Moscovici, 1955), and was described by Thomakos and Babudieri (1965) as a new serovar named arborae, reference strain Arborea.  Because the suffixe, -eae, is used for the designation of familes, the serovar name was corrected to arborea. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967), which confirmed its separate serovar status. The srain is included in the list of serovas of 1967 (WHO, 1967).
00008~~~bataviae~argentiniensis~PELUDO~1967~ARMADILLO (CHOETOPHRACTUS VILLOSUS)~Argentina~~The strain was isolated from an armadillo (Choetophractus villosus) in Argentina in 1963 and was described as a new serovar of the Batavije group y Szyfres et al. (1967).

The serovar represented by this strain was included in the list of recognized serovars of 1967 (WHO, 1967), under the strain designation LT 1019 (laboratory code number). This has now been replaced by the name Peludo as given in the original publication.
00009~~~tarassovi~atchafalaya~LSU 1013~1963~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~United States~~The strain was isolated from an opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) in the State of Lousiana, United States, and was described as a new serovar named atchafalaya, ref. strain LSU 1013, by Roth et al. (1963). It is already included in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) as a recognized serovar.
00010~~~tarassovi~atlante~LT 81~1960~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~United States~~The strain was isolated in 195 from the kidney of an opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) in the state Georgia, United States, by Galton et al. (1957). Although in this paper some serological differences from other members of the Tarassovi serogorup are reported, the strain was not described as a new serovar. Only Wolff and Bohlander (1960) studied the strain and proved that it represents a new serovar which they named atlantae, with reference strain LT 81.
00011~~~australis~australis~BALLICO~1937~HUMAN~~~The strain was isolated by Cotter and Sawers from a patient in North Queensland during an outbreak of leptospirosis in 1934 (Cotter, Sawers, 1934). Lumley (1937) described the strain as representing a new serogroup named "Australis A". The new serovar first appeared in the list of Wolff and Broom (194).
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1960), who confirmed its separate serological status. In Dikken and Kmety's publication (1978) the whole Australis group is subdivided into two subgroups: Australis and Jalna. Ballico is the representative strain of the subgroup Australis.
00012~~~autumnalis~autumnalis~AKIYAMI A~1925~HUMAN~Japan~~During an in investigation in September-October, 1922, in the Shizuoka Province of Japan, several leptospiral strains were isolated from blood samples taken from patients suffering from autumn fever (akiyami). Serological studies revealed that the strain designed Akiyami type A, could be differentited from icterohaemorrhagiae, hebdomadis and a strain known as Akiyami type B (Koshima et al., 1925).

Comparative studies by Schuffner on strains Akiyami A and Rachmat indicaterd that strain Akiyami A is the complete biotype of Rachmat (Schuffner, 1939 and Gispen et al., 1939). In the list of 199 (WHO, 1959) the serovar appears as autumnalis "AB", but in the 1967 list (WHO, 1967), the serovar is named autumnalis, with reference strain Akiyami A.
00013~~~canicola~bafani~BAFANI~1946~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Zaire (former Belgian Congo) by van Riel (1946) Van Thiel (1948) states that the strain was differentiated by the absorption test from many other strains available at that time.
The serovar represented by strain Bafani first appears in the list of serovars of 1965 (WHO, 1965) under the name bafani, with a provisional status, but in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) it is listed as a recognized serovar.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis and it was suggested that it should be place in the subgroup Canicola (Kmety, 1967).
00014~~~australis~bajan~TOAD 60~1991~MURINE TOAD (BUFO MARINUS)~Barbados~~The strain was isolated in 1985 on the island of Barbados during an investigation on leptospirosis in toads, from the kidney of a(giant) marine toad (Bufo marinus). (Everad et al., 1988). The strain has been typed in 3 reference laboratories by cross-agglutinin absorption tests and was also studied by monoclonal antibodies and restriction endonuclease analysis (Gravekamp et al., 1991). On basis of the results of those investigations the strain was recognized as a separate serovar. They suggested the serovar name bajan, with strain name Toad 60. Bajan is the local word for Barbados.
The strain was not described at the time the Revised List (Kmety, Dikken, 1988) was published. As its separate serological status was confirmed by a RL, the strain was included in the Annex of that list.
As the serovar recently has been published, it is now removed from the Annex and placed as a member of the Australis group in the attached updated list.
00015~~~tarassovi~bakeri~LT 79~1957~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~Usa~~The strain was isolated in 1955 from the kidney of an opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) in the state Georgia, United States and described as a new serovar named bakeri, reference strain LT 79 (Galton et al., 1957).
The strain was studied by Wolff and Bohlander (1960), who considered it as a 'subserovar' of L. tarassovi. Since the taxon subserotype was abandoned in 1966 (TSC Moscow, 1966), bakeriappears as a separate serovar on the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967).
00016~~~bataviae~balboa~735 U~1982~SPINY RAT (PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated from the urine of a spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus) in the Panama Canal Zone by Gale (1966) and typed by Galton (WHO, 1967).
It was included in the serovar list of 1967 as a recognized new serovar balboa, reference strain LT 761, although no description had been published at that time.
The isolation and the descirption of the strain was not published until 1982 (Sulzer et al., 1982). In that publication the strain name is designated 73 U, which therefore takes precedence over the laboratory code LT 761.
00017~~~sejroe~balcanica~1627 BURGAS~1961~HUMAN~Bulgaria~~The strain was isolated in 1958 by Janev from a patient in Bulgaria. Badudieri and Mateev (1961) studied the strain and described it as a 'subserotype' of sejroe named balcanica. The strain appears for the first time as such in the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965). AFter the abolition of the taxon 'subserotype' it appears in the serovar list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) as a separate serovar within the Hebdomadis serogroup.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who placed it as a separate serovar in the subgroup Sejroe of the newly established seroroup Sejroe.
00018~~~ballum~ballum~MUS 127~1944~FIELD HOUSE-MOUSE (MUS MUSCULUS SPICILEGUS)~~~Borg-Peterson (1944) isolated the srain Mus 127 from the urine of a field-house mouse (Mus musculus spicilegus), and described it as a new serov ballum. It appears in the serovar list of 1959 (WHO, 1959). The strain was submited to factor analysis by Kmety (1967), which confirmed its separate serological status.
00019~~~ballum~ballum 3~1853~1984~RAT (RATTUS LESEA)~China~~The strain was isolated 1971 from a rat (Rattus lesea) captured in the province of Guangdong, China, and decribed by Gao et al. (1984) as a new serovar named ballum 3. The TSC (Manchester, 1986) recognized the serovar, in spite of its incorrect naming, which is expected to change to guangdong (personal communication Chin Ting-Zuo, 1987). Because of incomplete documentation the strain is listed with i.d. in the Revised List (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00020~~~autumnalis~bangkinang~BANGKINANG I~1932~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in Sumatra, Indonesia, in 1929 from the blood of a Chinese labourer thought to be suffering from undulant fever (Slot and van der Walle, 1932). They designated the strain Bangkinang I. Walch Sorgdrager (1939) found the strain to be related to strain Rachmat with some agglutinogenic differences.
The srain was later studied by Wolff et al. (1952), who identified it as a separate serovar. The list of serotypes of 1967 (WHO, 1967) mentions the name bankinangwith reference strain Bangkinang I.
00021~~~tarassovi~banna~A 31~1985~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1962 from the blood of a patient in Mengla County, China, and described by Zhang Fan-zheng et al. (1985) as a new serovar of the Tarassovi or Shermanni serogroup. Being not yet confirmed by a RL it is given provisional status (+) and is tentatively placed in the Tarassovi group in the attached updated list. This was accepted by the TSC (Osaka, 1990).
00022~~~bataviae~bataviae~SWART~1926~HUMAN~Indonesia~~Strain Swart was isolated in 1925 by WWalch in Weltevreden near Jakarta, Indonesia, from the flood of a patient (Walch, 1926). Walch and Soesilo (1927) described the first serological experiments which distinguished th strain from "Icterohaemorrhagiae and Baerman2 (Pyrogenes). At that time no investigations were carried out with hebdomadis and automnalis strains. The strain was named L. bataviaeby Esseveld and Collier (1938). In 1932 another strain named van TGienen was isolated from a patient in Indonesia (Dinger, 1933). This strain was examined serologically by the MAT against strains "Icterohaemorrhagiae, Bindjei (Canicola), Bangkinang (Autamnalis) and Swart". Hith cross-agglutination reactions were noted only against Swart (Diner, 1943).
Wolf (1954) belived that the original strian Swart (Walch) was lost. Consequently strain van Tienen became the reference strain and is first mentioned in the list of Wolf and Broom (1954). However at that time it was not realised that Mochtar had forwarded the strain Swart (Walch) on May 19, 1942, to Prof. Yamamoto, who kept it for many years. In 1976 he sent the strain to the Amsterdam laboratory. Investigations subsequerntly performed, confirmed the serological identity of the strains Swart and van Tinen (personal communication, Dikken).
Beeing earlier isolated and published, strain Swart takes priority over strain van Tienen. Durign the TSC meeting in Boston (1982) it was decided that strain Swart should replace strain van Tienen as the reference strain of serovar bataviae.
00023~~~canicola~benjamini~BENJAMIN~1940~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated from a blood sample of a patient on the east coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, by Wolff in 1937 and studied by agglutination and absorption tests against many strains available at the time, from all of which it was found to differ (Walch-Sordrager et al., 1940). They named the strain Benjamin. The serovar represented by strain Benjanin first appears in the list of serovars of 19590 (WHO, 1959), with the serovar name benjamini. The strain was submitted to factor analysis and it was suggested that it should be placed in the subgroup Schueffneri (Kmety, 1967).
00024~~~mini~beye~1537 U~1977~SPINY RAT (PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated urin the years 1960-1962 from the urine of a spiny rat (Proechimyxs semispinosus) trappe in the Panama Canal Zone by Gale and typed by Galton (WHO, 1967). No typing results were publisehd. The official serovar list of 1967 (Annex 1) does not contain this strain, however it is mentioned in Annex 2 of this list under the name beye, with strain code LT 844.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who escribed it as represinting a new serovar of the propose new Mini serogroup. Later Sulzer et al. (1982) confirmed its separate serological status by agglutinin-absorption test results, but designated the reference strain as 1537 U. The serovar beye was recognized by the TSC Manchester meeting of 1986 and the prevous laboratory code number of the reference strain was replaced by the designation 1537 U in the REvised List of 1988.
00025~~~pyrogenes~biggis~BIGGS~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Malaysia sometime during the years 1953-1955 and described as a new serovar of the Pyrogenes group name biggis,  ref.strian Biggs (Alexander et al., 1957).
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967), who confirmed its separate status. Later it was suggested that the serovar should be placed in the subgroup Zanoni (Dikken, Kmety, 1978).
00026~~~autumnalis~bim~1051~1984~DOG~Barbados~~The strain was isolated from a kidney of a febrile dog in Barbados and described as a new serovar named bim, ref. strain 1051 (Jones et al., 1984).
00027~~~canicola~bindjei~BINDJEI~1960~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Indonesia in the 1930's by Sarditjo and later studied by Addamiano (1959) and Addamiano, Babudieri and Smith (1960).
Addamiano described the strain as a 'complete biotype' of L. canicola, no serovar name is mentioned. Only the following study by Addamiano et al. (1960) suggested the serovar name bindjei, ref. strain Bindjei. It appears in the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965) as a recognized serovar.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis and it was suggested that it should be placed in tghe sugroup Canicola (Kmety, 1967).
00028~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~birkini~BIRKIN~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain Birkin was isolated from a patient in Malaysia during 1953-1955 and described as a new serovar of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup (Alexander et al., 1957).
The strain was studied by Kmety (1967), who confirmed its separate serological status.
00029~~~hebdomadis~borincana~HS 622~1963~HUMAN~~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Puerto Rico in 1951 and was first mentione d in a paper by Alexander et al. (1955) under the name L. borincano. It was sebsequently given a valid description by Alexander et al. (1963).
In the Second Report of a joint WHO/FAO Expert Committee on Zoonose (1959) the strain is listed in Annex 6 under the serovar name borincana with the note "provisionally classified pending further work". In the WHo list of 1967 it appears as a recognized serovar.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who suggested that it should be placed in a subgroup to be named as Borincana.
00030~~~bataviae~brasiliensis~AN 776~1972~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~Brazil~~The strain was isolated in 1961 from an opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) in Brazil and described as a new serovar named brasiliensis, ref. strain An 776 (Santa Rosa et al., 1972). The strain had already been studied by Galton under the laboratory code LT 966, which was the strain designation given in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967). This has now been corrected to the original An 776.
00031~~~australis~bratislava~JEZ BRATISLAVA~1960~HODGEHOG (ERINACEUS ROUMANICUS)~Czechoslovakia~~The strain was isolated in Czechoslovakia from the kidney of a hedgehor (Erinaceus roumanicus) in 1953 (Kmety, 1954). It was later submitted to factor analysis and described as a new serovar named bratislava (Kmety, 1960).
In Dikken and Kmety's publication (1978) it is placed in the subgroup Jalna.
A footnote in the list of serotypes of 1967 (WHO, 1967) states that the nomenclature of this serovar is being examined further. Doubts concerning the naming of this serovar occurred because both names L. erinacei europei and L. esposito appeared in literature of 1954 (Ananyin), and 195 (Smith and Brown) respectively, but neither publication contained a valid description of the serovar.
00032~~~tarassovi~bravo~BRAVO~1966~HUMAN~Panama~~The strain was isolated in 1961 from the urine of a patient in the Panam Canal Zone and described as a new serovar named bravo, ref. strain Bravo, by Gale et al. (1966). The strain is included in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) as a recognized serovar.
00033~~~canicola~broomi~PATANE~1960~HUMAN~Australia~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Australia in 1954 and later studied and described as a new serovar named broomi, ref. strain Patane (Addamiano et al., 1960). It appears in the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965) as a recognized serovar.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis and it was suggested that it should be placed in the sugroup Canicola (Kmety, 1967).
00034~~~autumnalis~bulgarica~NICOLAEVO~1958~HUMAN~Bulgaria~~The strain was isolated in 1951 by Jankov in Bulgaria from a patient (Mitov, Jankov, Savov, 1955). The authors quote the strain as Lept.gen. Nicolaevo with the note, that the strain was not definitively identified. Later Babudieri (1958) confirmed its separate serovar status and designated it as bulgarica, but later (1961) he considered it to be only a 'subserotype' of serovar autumnalis. The taxon 'subserotype' was subsequently abandoned (TSC Moscow, 1966). Therefore in the WHO list of 1967 it appears as serovar bulgarica with the reference strain Nicolaevo.
In Dikken and Kmety's paper (1978) the serovar is placed in the subgroup Fort-Braggi.
00035~~~autumnalis~butembo~BUTEMBO~1946~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strain was isolated from a human case during a study of leptospirosis in Zaire (formerly Belgium Congo) by van Riel (1946). It was found to be serologically distinct from other serovars available at the time. However, in the subsequent leptospiral classification scheme of Wolff and Broom (1954), it was not listed as a distinct serovar.
Later the strain was studied by Alexander et al.(1959), who described it as a new serovar named butembo and suggested it could be conveniently listed with L. cynopteri within the same serogroup. Wolff and Bohlander (1961) revised the status of the strain suggesting that it should be recognised as a distinct serovar unrelated to any of the other serovars known. Nevertheless, in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) the strain is placed within the Cynopteri group.
In Dikken and Kmety's paper (1978) the serovar butembo has been withdrawn from the Cynopteri serogropu and listed within the serogroup Autumnalis, to which it was found to be more closely related. At the TSC meeting in 1986 this arrangement was approved.
00036~~~bataviae~calytoni~1348 U~1982~SPINY RAT (PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated from the urine of a spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus) saught in the Panama Canal Zone by Gale (1966) and typedby Galton (WHO, 1967).
It was included in the serovar list of 1967 as a recognized new serovar claytoni, reference strain LT 818, although no description had been published at that time.
The isolation and the description of the strain first appeared in 1982 (Sulzer et al., 1982). In this publication the name of the strain is given as 1348 U, which therefore replaces the previous designation LT 818.
00037~~~pyrogenes~camlo~LT 64-67~1971~HUMAN~South Vietnam~~The strain was isolated in 1967 from an American marine participating in operations in the Camlo area of South Vietnam and was described by Che-Chung Tsai (1971) as a new serovar of the Pyrogenes group named camlo ,ref. strain LT 64-67. Discrepant typing results have been recently reported. Therefore the serovar is marked ++ in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988) and in the attached updated list.
00038~~~grippotyphosa~canalzonae~CZ 188~1966~SPINY RAT (PROECIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated in 1964 from the kidney of a spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus) in the Panama Canal Zone and described as a new serovar of the Cynopteri group named canalzoni, reference strain CZ 188 (Gale et al., 1966).
The serovar was recognized by the TSC and is included in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) as a member of the Cynopteri group under the corrected designaton canalzonae, but with the strain name CZ 188 K. This has now been corrected according the original description to CZ 188.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety and Lataste-Dorolle (1973), who on the basis of the results proposed that the serovar should be placed within the Grippotyphosa serogroup, which was accepted by the TSC meeting in Manchester (1986).
00039~~~canicola~canicola~HOND UTRECHT IV~1933~DOG~Netherlands~~The strain was isolated from the urine of a sick dog in 1931 in the Netherlands by Klarenbeek and Schuffner (1933). The strain was found to differ from L. icterohaemorrhagiae and Schuffner (1934) denominated it "Leptospira canicola".
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967).
00040~~~sejroe~caribe~TRVL 61866~1978~BROWN RAT (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)~Trinidad~~The strain was isolated in 1965 from the kidney of a brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), captured in the dockland area of Port of Spain-Trinidad. The strain was studied serologically and described as a new serovar caribe by Green et al. (1978). The serovar caribe was officially recognized by the TSC in 1986 and included in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00041~~~autumnalis~carlos~C 3~1973~TOAD (BUFO MARINUS)~Philippines~~The strain was isolated 1970 from the kidney of a toad (Bufo marinus) captured near Surralah in the Philippines and described as a new serovar named carlos, ref. strain C 3 (Babudieri et al., 1973).
Because the strain did not reveal major serological relationship to any of the known serovars, it was suggested that it might represent a new serogroup named Bufonis.However, being the only member of that group, the serovar was provisionally placed in the serogroup to which it was most closely related, viz Autumnalis.
00042~~~ballum~castelonis~CASTELLON 3~1955~WOOD MOUSE (APODEMUS SILVATICUS DICRURUS)~Spain~~The strain was isolated from a wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus dicrurus) in the East of Spain near Castellon de la Plana (between 1953-1955). It was described by Babudieri (1955) and named castellonis, strain Castelln 3. The serovar is include in the serovar list of 1959 (WHO, 1959). The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967), which confirmed its separate serovar status.
00043~~~celledoni~celledoni~CELLEDONI~1956~HUMAN~Australia~~The strain was isolated in 1952 from the blood of a patient in North Queensland, Australia, by Smith et al. (1954) and described as a new serovar, named celledoni, reference strain Celledoni, by Broom and Smith (1956). It appears for the first time in the serovar list of 1959 (WHO, 1959) as representing a separate serogroup. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1963), which confirmed its serological status.
00044~~~javanica~ceylonica~PIYASENA~1969~HUMAN~Ceylon~~The strain was isolated in 1964 by Nitynanda from a bakerr living near Colombo, Shri-Lanka (Ceylon), and was included in Annex 2 of the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) although not yet published. Inthis list the strain name is given as Dynanda of serovar ceylonica. Nityananda and Sulzer described the strain in 1969 and desginated it Piyasena, which takes precedence over Dyananda.
00045~~~tarassovi~charges~1913 K~1982~SPINY RAT (PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The srain was isolated from a spiny rat (Procechimys semispinosus) in the Panama Canal Zone by Gale and reported as having been studied by Galton (WHO, 1967). The strain was included in the serovar list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) under provisional status, with the laboratory code LT 924. The isolation and description of the strain was first published in 1982 (Sulzer et al., 1982). In this publication the desgination of the strain is given as 1913 K, which should receive priority over the former laboratory code number.
00046~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~copenhageni~M 20~1938~HUMAN~Denmark~~The straim M 20 was isolated y Borg-Peterson (1938) from a patient in Demmark. It was shown by agglutin-ab sorption tests to differ serologically from strain RGA. The strain M 20 is able to absorp nearly all antibodies from RGA antiserum whereas strain RGA only removes its homologus antibodies from M 20 antiserum. The strain was therefore considered to represent a 'subtype' of serovar icterohaermorrhagiae.

Gispen and Schffner (1939) confirmed the serological results but they classified M 20 as the 'complete biotype' of icterohaemorrhagiae, and named it icterohaemorrhagiae AB. The strain was later considered to represent 'a subserotype' of icterohaemorrhagiae (WHO, 1965). Kmety (1966), who studied the antigenic structure of serovars of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup, suggested abandoning the taxonomic rang of 'subserotypes' and proposed that M 20 should represent a 'serotype' named copenhageni. This suggestion was accepted by the TSC 1966 at their Moscow meeting in 1966(TSC meeting, 1966: Statements and Recommendations, 1971).
00047~~~javanica~coxi~COX~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated between 1953 and 196 from a patient in Malasyia. Alexander (1957) studied the strain and described it as a new serovar named coxus. Under this name it appears in the WHo list of 1965. The srain was further studied by Kmety (1963), who confirmed its separate serological status and corrected the name in coxi, which is in accord with the IC. In the WHO list of 1967 it is listed as coxi.
00048~~~panama~cristobali~1996 K~1982~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~Panama~~The strain was isolatged about 1965 from the kidney of an opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) in the Panama Canal Zone by Gale and was typed by Galton (WHO, 1967). In the serovar list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) the srain appears only in Annex 2 with reference strain designatin LT 940. The isolation and description of the strain was not published until 1982 (Sulzer et al., 1982). In this publication the designtion of the strain is given as 1996 K, which takes priority as the first published strain designation over the previous laboratory code LT 940.
00049~~~sarmin~cuica~RP 88~1991~OPOSSUM (METACHIRUS OPOSSUM)~Brazil~~The strain was isolated, during a search for leptospirosis in wild animals, from the urine or kidney of an Marsupial opossum (Metachirus opossum) trapped in a peri-urban area of Rio de Jenaeiro, Brazil, by Pereira et al. (1991), who studied and described the strain as closely related to serovar weaveri. Further studies by a RLconfirmed its separate serovar status. The serovar name cuica has been proposed (personal communication Korver, 1991). Cuica is the local name for marsupial.
Because of incomplete description and documentation the serovar is listed with i.t. and i.d. in the attached updated serovar list.
00050~~~cynopteri~cynopteri~3522 C~1939~BAT (CYNOPTERUS)~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated in 1938 by Collier and Mochtar from a kidney of a bat (Cynopterus), captured in Jakarta (Batavia), Java, Indonesia. The strain did not appear to be pathogenic for mice or guinea-pigs. Cross-agglutination tests carried out at the Eijkman Institute, Jakarta, showed that the strain was not related to any of the available serovars and therefore they considered it to be a new serovar (Collier et al., 1939). In the review article on "Leptospirosis in Indonesia" (Collier, 1948) the serovar was namel L. cynopteri. The strain apapears first in the list of serovars of 1959 (WHO, 1959) as a recognized serovar in the Cynopteri serogroup.
00051~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~dakota~GRAND RIVER~1962~SURFACE WATER~Usa~~The strain Grand River was isolated in 1958 from surface water in the USA and described as a 'subserotype' of L. naam (Alexander et al, 1962).
At its meeting in Moscow in 1966, the TSC abolished the taxonomic range of 'subserotypes' and it was accepted as a separate serovar, named dakota with Grand River as its reference strain.
00052~~~tarassovi~darien~637 K~1982~OPOSSUM (PHILANDER OPOSSUM)~Panama~~The strain was isolated from the kidney of an opossum (Philander opossum) in the Panama Canal Zone and published as a new serovar named darien, ref. strain 637 K, by Sulzer et al. (1982).
In the Revised List of Kmety and Dikken (1988) the strain is marked by i.t. indicating incomplete typing results.
00053~~~javanica~dehong~DE 10~1984~RAT~China~~The strain was isolated from a rat in 1981 in the province of Yunnan and described by Gao et al. (1984) as a new serovar named dehong, reference strain De 10. Confirmed serologically by a RL, it was recognized by the TSC (Manchester, 1986). Because of incomplete documentation the strain is listed with i.d. in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988), and in the attached updated list.
00054~~~sejroe~dikkeni~MANNUTHI~1978~BANDICOOT (BANDICOTA BENGALENSIS)~India~~The strain was isolated by Adinarayanan in 1970 from the kidneys of a healthy looking bandicoot (Bandicota bengalensis) trapped in India, Kerala State. It was studied by Dikken et al. (1978) and found to be a new serovar of the subgroup Saxkoebing and was named dikkeni, reference strain Mannuthi. The serovar dikkeni was officially recognized by the TSC in 1986 and included in the REvised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00055~~~djasiman~djasiman~DJASIMAN~1939~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated by Kotter in 1938 from an acutely ill native in the Military Hospital of Koetaradja, Atjeh, Sumatra, Indonesia. The isolate was typed by Schffner and described by Kotter (1939) as a new serovar named djasiman. It appears first in the list of 1954 (Wolff and room, 1954) as also representing a new serogroup Djasman. In the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) the serovar is listed in the Autamnalis group. In 1978 the serogroup Djasiman was reestablished by Dikken and Kmety (1978) containing the serovars djasiman, sentot, and gurungi. This rearrangement was accepted by the TSC (Manchester, 1986).
00056~~~bataviae~djatzi~HS 26~1963~HUMAN~~~The strain was isolated in 190 from the blood of a patient in Puerto Rico and described as a new serovar named djatzi by Alexander et al. (1963).
The strain appears in the list of serovars of 1967 (WHO, 1967).
00057~~~autumnalis~erinaceiauriti~ERINACEUS AURITUS 670~1951~HODGEHOG (ERINACEUS AURITUS)~Soviet Union~~The strain was isolated from a hedgehog in the Soviet Union and considered to represent a new serovar. In the original publication of Ananyin (1951) the name of the strain in Yezsh 670 (the Russian word "Yezsh", means hedgehog).
The strain was later studied by Babudieri (1958), who confirmed its separate status. The list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) mentions the serovar name erinacei-auritiand its reference strain as Erianceus auritus 670, which has been agreed by the TSC.
00058~~~ranarum~evansi~267-1348~1975~SURFACE WATER~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated from Malaysian surface water in the state of Selangor during the years 19612-1966 by Alexander et al. (1975) and described as a new serovar serologically related to serovar ranarum. The name evansi was suggested with reference strain 267-1348. The TSC (Manchester, 1986) recognized the separate status of serovar evansi and placed it in the Ranarum serogroup (Kmety, Dikken, 1988). Since the serovar status was confirmed after the Manchester meeting (1986), it is marked by (o) in the Revised List (Kmety, Dikken, 1988). In the attached updated list it is included unconditionally.
00059~~~javanica~fluminense~AA 3~1981~FIELD MOUSE (AKODON ARVICULOIDES)~Brasil~~The strain was isolated in 1970 from the kidney of a field mouse (Akodon arviculoides)trapped in the district of Seropdica, State of Rio de Janeiro by Cordeiro et al. (1981, a and b), who studied the srain and described it as a new serovar name fluminense, with reference strain Aa 3. Its serovar status has not yet been confirmed by a RL and it is consequently listed under "provisional2 status (+) in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988), and in the attached updated list.
00060~~~autumnalis~fortbragg~FORT BRAGG~1952~HUMAN~~~The strain was isolated by Tatlock in 1944 from the blood of an acutely ill patient (Alexander et al., 1954) which subsequently was maintained in various laboratories by serial animal passages. The causal organism was believed to be a virus until Gochenour et al. (1952) recovered the leptospiral agent from the 259th. serial hamster passage. Preliminary serological studies by these workers indicated that the strain named Fort Bragg was related to strain Akiyami A.
Alexander et al. (1954) came to the conclusion that the strain Fort Bragg is the complete 'biotype' of serovar autumnalis. it was therefore considered to be a 'subserotype' of L. autumnalis named fort-bragg. When the taxon 'subserotype' was abandoned in 1966 (TSC Moscow, 1966), the strain was quoted in the WHO list of 1967 as representing a separate serovar named fort-bragg.
In Dikken and Kmety's publication (1978) the serovar fortbragg is placed in the subgroup Fort-Braggi.
00061~~~australis~fugis~FUDGE~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Malaysia and described as a new serovar named fugis, ref. strain Fudge (Alexander et al., 1957).
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1960). Later it was suggested that it should be placed in the subgroup Australis (Dikken and Kmety, 1978).
00062~~~canicola~galtoni~LT 1014~1969~BIVINE~Argentina~~The strain was isolated in 1964 from the kidneys of a cow in Azul, Argentina and studied at C.D.C. Atlanta (WHO, 1967). The description of the strain was published by TEdesco et al. (1969). The authors suggested the name galtoni.
The strain appeared in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) with the serovar name "azuli". However the name azuli is now considered illegitimate being not validly published.
00063~~~tarassovi~gatuni~1473 K~1982~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated from an opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) in the Panama Canal Zone by Gale and reported to have been studied by Balton (WHO, 1967). The strain was included in the serovar list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) under provisional status with the laboratory code LT 839. The isolation and description of the strain was first published in 1982 (Sulzer et al., 1982). In this publication the name of the reference strain is given as 1473K, which should receive priority over the former laboratory code LT 839.
00064~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~gem~SIMON~1972~HUMAN~Ceylon~~The strain Simon was isolated from a patient in Ceylon in 1966 (Nityananda, Sulzer, 1972), and designated as the reference strain of a new serovar in the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup named gem. The strain was studied at the CDD, Atlanta, under the strain desgination LT 11-67. The published description of the strain is almost comlete.
00065~~~tarassovi~gengma~M 48~1985~PIG~China~~The strain was isolated in 1960 from the kidney of a pig in Gengama County,China, and described by Zhang Fing-zheng et al. (1985) as a new member of the Tarassovi serogroup Being not confirmed y a RL, it is given provisional status (+) in the attached updated list. This was accepted by the TSC (Osaka, 1990).
00066~~~mini~georgia~LT 117~1960~RACCOON (PRACYON LOTOR)~Usa~~The strain was isolated in 1952 from a raccoon (Procyon lotor) in the United States and described as a new subserovar of mini, named georgia(Galton et al., 1960).
In the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) the strain is reported as a separate serovar within the Hebdomadis group.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who confirmed its serovar status and suggested placing in the proposed new Mini serogroup.
During the TSC Boston meeting of 1982 this proposal was accpted.
00067~~~sejroe~geyaweera~GEYAWEERA~1968~HUMAN~Shri Lanka~~The strain was isolated in 1965 from a patient in Sri Lanka by Pura and described by Kokovin et al. (1968) as a new serovar of the Hebdomadis group named geyaweera. The new serovar was found by Wolff (personal communication) to be relatd to sejroe, seaxkoebing and haemolytica. Therefore it was placed in the Revised List (1988) in the Sejroe group (Kmety, Dikken, 1988). It should be noted that in some papers the serovar name is quoted as jeyaweera (Nityananda et al., 1971).
00068~~~hebdomadis~goiano~BOVINO 131~1980~ZEBU CATTLE~Brasil~~The strain was isolated from the kidney of a cow during a search for evidence of leptospirosis in apparently healthy Zebu cattle in Brasil during 1962-1968.
Santa Rosa et al. (1980) described the strain as representing a new serovar named goiano, with reference strain Bovino 131.
The strain was given provisional status by the TSC (1986) and is included in the Revised List of Serovars (Kmety and Dikken, 1988), marked +. Since then its serologial status has been confirmed and its is included in the attached updated list unconditionally.
00069~~~sejroe~gorgas~1413 U~1977~SPINY RAT (PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated from the urine of a spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus) in the Panama Canal Zone by Gale and studied by GAlton (WHO, 1967), Before any description was published, the strain appeared in Annex of the WHo list (1967) under the laboratory code LT 829 as the reference strain, with the serovar name gorgas.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977) and described as a new serovar of the subgroup Wolffi of the serogroup Sejroe. The first full report with confirmatory typing results was published by Sulzer et al. (1982). In this publication the strain designation 1413 U is given, which recives priority over the code number LT 829. The serovar gorgas was officially recognized by the TSC in 1986 and included in the Revised list of 1988 (Kmey, Dikken, 1988).
00070~~~grippotyphosa~grippotyphosa~MOSKVA V~1928~HUMAN~Soviet Union~~Tarassov and Epstein isolated strains from paateints with "water-fever" in the Moscow region of the Soviet-Union, studied them serologically and denominated them as L. grippotyphosa. o names of strains are mentioned in the original paper (Tarassov, Epstein, 1928).
According to Chermukha (personal communication), Terskikh isolated in 1929 a strain from a patient which was sent to Amsterdam under the desgination "Moskva Y". The strain was studied by Dinger (1930), who found it serologically distinct from Icterohaemorrhagiae and other strains. This ais apparently the strain known today as Moskva V. It is considered to be the reference strain of serovar gripotyphosa.
The strain was later submitted to factor analysis (Kmety, Lataste-Dorrolle, 1973), which revaled its antigenic structure.
Using monoclonal antibodies strains of this serovar can be further subdivided (Kmety et al. and Ananyina et all, Leptospirosis Research Conference Moskou, 1991).
00071~~~pyrogenes~guaratuba~AN 7705~1975~OPOSSUM (PHILANDER OPOSSUM)~Brazil~~The strain was isolated from an opossum (Philander opossum) in Brazil and described as a new serovar named guaratuba, rf. strain An 7705, of the Pyrogenes group (Santa Rosa et al., 1975).
As it has not yet been confirmed by a RL, it is given provisional status +) in the Revised List of 1988 and in the attached updated list.
00072~~~sejroe~guaricura~BOV. G.~1980~CATTLE~Brazil~~The strain was isolated from the kidney of a healthy cow during a survey for leptospirosis in Zebu cattle in Brazil from 1962 to 1968. The strain was designated as Bov.G. and described as a new serovar by Santa Rosa (1980). As the name should be treated adjectively in accordance with the IC, the suggested serovar name guaricurus was changed to guaricura. The serovar guaricura was officially recognized by the TSC in 1986 and included in the REvised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00073~~~tarassovi~guidae~RP 29~1960~PIG~Brasil~~The strain was isolated in 1948 from a pig in rasil by Guida (1948), who also did some serological typing (Guida, 1952). However, Wolff and Bohlander (1960) described the strain as a new 'subserovar' of L. tarassovi, named guidae, ref. strin RP 29. The strain is first mentioned in the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965) as a separate serovar.
00074~~~djasiman~gurungi~GURUNG~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated during 1953-9155 from the blood of a patient in Malaysia and dscribed by Alexander et al. (1957) as a new serovar gurungi, reference strain Guring. In the WHO list of 1967 the serovar was placed in the Autumnalis group. When Dikken and Kmety (1978) restablished the serogroup Djasiman, they placed the serovar within that serogroup. The TSC (1986) accepted this proposal.
00075~~~sejroe~haemolytica~MARSH~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated during the years 1953-1955 from a patient in Malaysia by Alexander et al. (1957), who described it as a new serovar named haemolyticus. In the serovar list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) the name was corrected in haemolytica.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977) and placed in the subgroup Saxkoebing.
00076~~~celledoni~hainan-whitcombi~6712~1984~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Hainan province, China, in 1967 and described by Gao et al. (1984) as a new serovar named hainan-whitcombi. The serovar was recognized by the TSC (Manchester, 1986) in spite of its incorrect namin, which it is expected to change to hainan (personal communication, Chen Ting-zuo, 1987). Because of incomplete documentation the serovar is listed with i.d. in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988). Recently some laboratories have reported controversial typing results. Therefore the serovar is now marked by ++ in the attached updated list.
00077~~~pyrogenes~hamptoni~HAMPTON~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Malaysia sometime during the years 1953-1955 and described as a new serovar of the Pyrogenes group named hamptoni, ref. strain Hampton (Alexander et al., 1957).
the strin was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967), who confirmed its separate status. Later it was suggested that the serovar should be placed in the subgroup Pyrogenes (Dikken, Kmety, 1978).
00078~~~sejroe~hardjo~HARDJOPRAJITNO~1953~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated in 1938 from a patient in Sumatra, Indonesia, by Wolff (1953), who quotes in under the serovar name hardjo. The serovar is first mentioned in the list of Wolff and Broom of 1954.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who, on the basis of the results, placed it in the subgroup Wolffi.
By DNA restriction endonuclease analysis difference among strains of this serovar were reported (Thiermann and Ellis, 1986). They suggest deviding the serovar into two different genotypes hardjoprajitno and hardjobovis.
00079~~~australis~hawaian~LT 62-68~1971~BANDICOOT (ECHYMIPERA KALABU)~Papua New Guinea~~The strain was isolated from the urine of a bandicoot (Echymipera kalabu), which was trapped in the surroundings of Wewak, Sepik district of Papua New Guinea and described as a new serovar hawain in the Australis or Panama group (Morahan, 1971). Typing results were not given. Being confirmed by a RL the serovar was recognized by the TSC in 1986 (Manchester) as a separate serovar within the Australis serogroup (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00080~~~hebdomadis~hebdomadis~HEBDOMADIS~1918~HUMAN~Japan~~The strain was isolated from the blood of a patient in Japan by serial passage through guineapigs in 1916 (Ido, Ito and Wani, 1918). In the original publication in Japanese in Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi, No. 5, 1917, the new leptospira is designated Spirochaeta nanukayaami (nanukaaami = seven day fever). In the publication of Ido et al. (1918) the designation hebdomadis appears for the first time, and was than generally adopted as the serovar name. As in neighter publication a strain name is mentioned, the serovar name was also used as the strain name. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who suggested on the basis of the resuslts that it should be placed in a subgroup to be named Hebdomadis.
00081~~~mini~hekau~H 27~1988~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1964 from the blood of a patient in Hekau County, China, and described as a new serovar of the englarged Hebdomadis group by Zhang Fang-zengh et al., 1988. Because of its close relationship with members of the Mini group, it was placed in that group. The serorvar got "provisional status" as it has not yet been confirmed by a RL. (+). This was accepted by the TSC (Osaka, 1990).
00082~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~hongchon~18 R~1991~FIELD MOUSE (APODEMUS AGRARIUS)~Korea~~The strain 18 R was isolated in 198 from a field mouse (Apodemus agarius) in the Hongchon area, of the Kangwon Province of Korea.
The strain was submitted to cross-agglutination absorption tests, factor analysis, monoclonal antibodies, and restriction endonuclease analysis and was described by Hee-Bok Oh et al. (1991) as a new serovar in the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup named hongchon.Its serovar sttus has been confirmed by a RL. Therefore the strain is included unconditionally in the attached updated serovar list.
00083~~~djasiman~huallaga~M 7~1984~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~Peru~~The strain was isolated in 1970 from the kidney of an opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) at Tingo Maria inthe Peruvian jugle and publishedas a new serovar named huallaga, reference strain M 7 by Liceras de Hidalgo et al. (1984). The serovar was confirmed by a RL soon after the TSC Manchester meeting (1986) and is therefore marked in the REvised List of 1988 by (o) (Kmety, Dikken, 1988). It is now included unconditionally in the attached updated list.
00084~~~grippotyphosa~huanuco~M 4~1979~OPOSSUM (PHILANDER OPOSSUM)~Peru~~The strain was isolated by Hidalgo in November 1974 from an opossum (Philander opossum) trapped in the Huanuco department of Peru. In 1975 the strain was sent to Chemukha in Moscow for further serological identification. On the basis of those results it was described as a new serovar named huanuco, with reference strain M 4 and was proposed to belong to a new serogroup Huanuco (Agirre et al., 1979).
Because the strain shows some serological relationship with certain strains of the Grippotyphosa serogroup, especially with Kipod 179, it was tentatively placed in the Grippotyphosa group.
As it was not yet confirmed by a RL the TSC (manchester, 1986) accepted it on a provisional basis and the serovar was therefore marked (+) in the Revised List of Serovars of 1988. It has since been fully confirmed and appears in the attached updated list unconditionally (TSC, Osaka, 1990).
00085~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~icterohaemorrhagiae~ICTERO NO 1.~1915~HUMAN~Japan~~The serovar* name icterohaemorrhagiae was first used by the Japanese workers Inada and Ido (1915), when they reported the isolation of the first leptospire from man in February, 1915. They called it Spirochaeta icterohaemorrhagiae (japanica).

Since it was published earlier it takes priority over the name icterogenes that was used in the original publicatgion of Uhlenhuth and Fromme (1916) in their description of the organism that they had isolated and believed to be an etiological agent of Weil's disease, which they called Spirochaeta icterogenes.

A Japanese and the German isolate were later designated Ictero No. 1 and RGA respectively. Both strains could have been attached to this serovar as reference strain. Because of doubt, on the authenticity of strain Ictero No. 1, strain RGA was designated many years as reference strain (TSC 1966 and 1986), notwithstanding the fact that the latter was published a year later.

Only after the recent detailed publication on the history of strain Ictero No. 1 (Yamamoto and Yanagawa, 1990) it was decided at the TSC meeting (Osaka 1990) to recognize the authenticity of this strain. Because Ictero No. 1 was isolated earlier than RGA the TSC agreed at the same meeting to replace RGA by Ictero No. 1 as reference strain of serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and as neotype strain of the species L. interrogans. A historical description of both strains will now be given.

*The word serovar was at that time designated as "serotype".

icterohaemorrhagiae (Ictero No.1)

Naming:
In the original Japanese publications (Inada and Ido, 191, a and b, and Inada et al. 1917) no mention is made of the strain name Ictero No. 1. The authors only recorded the isolation of four strains, Nichimura, Yamasaki, Matsumoto and Sakamoto, throught serial guinea-pig passages.
In an other publication of 1915 (in Japanese) Inado and Ido use the notation "No. 1" in combination with the Yamasaki strain. However, they do so in one table only without any further explanation in the text.

The first publication with a more explicit reference to the name Ictero No. 1 is from Kitaoka (1937), who describes the strain as "Icteroh. Nr. 1" (in combination with "Menschlicher Stamm Nr 1"). He claims this strain to be the original decent of the Yamasaki strain. Much later (1968) Babudieri and Smith made the same reference to this strain but under the name "Ictero No 1".

Also in correspondence between Yamamoto and Bor-Petersen, dated May 3, 1968, the strain name is mentioned. In this correspondence and in the publication of Babudieri et al. (1968) it is stated that according to Yamamoto, strain Ictero No. 1 corresponds to the original Yamasaki strain that was recorded by Inada et al. (1915, a and b, and 1917).

History:
In the original Japanese publications (see above) it is stated that the Yamasaki strain was isolated from a guinea-pig inoculated on November 23, 1914, with blood from a sick 59 years old rice-handler, who was suffering from weil's disease and admitted to the Kyushu University Hospital in Fukuoka. The strain was maintained by many serial guinea-pig passages (Inada et al., 1917). On May 13, 191, after 24 passages through guinea-pigs, the straain was cultured in Noguchi's medium (Inado et al., 1916).

On the further history of the strain, different papers (correspondence between Borg-Petersen and Yamamoto, 1968, Bududieri et al., 1968, TSC report to ICNB, 1971 and Yamamoto et al., 1990) provide identical information, all basedon the same source (Prof. Yamamoto). The papers indicate that Inada maintained the strain in the laboratory of Kuishu University until 1918. Then he moved to the Faculty of Medicin, Tokyo University, where the strain was maintained by him and by his successor Professor Sakaguchi. In 1940, Dr. Kubo, who worked in the same laboratory, sent a culture of the strain to Profesor Yamamoto at the Tokyio Institute of Veterinary Pathology. He refered to it as Ictero No. 1 and stated that it corresponds to the strain Yamasaki, which Inada and Ido isolated from a patient of that name (Inada at al., 1917).

In 194, this culture of strain Ictero No. 1 was found to be contaminated by fungi. Yamamoto purified the culture by intraperitioneal inoculation of splenectomized mice and by culturing their heart blood ten minutes later. Unfortunately, the mice were not examined on a concurrent leptospiral infection before the decontamination procedure was started. Nevertheless both before and after mouse passage the strain was found to be antigenically identical with another Japanese stain of human origin. Akasawa, isolated in 1933 by Numata in Ibarki. "It seems therefore unlikely that the purified strain was other than the original strain Ictero No. 1" Badudieri and Smith, 1968).

After World War II, no information was obtained on the existence of strain Incero No. 1. According to the Report (1962-1966) of the TSC, Kitaoka informed the Subcommittee that he "understood that the original strain of Inada and Ido (Strain No. 1) had been lost". The same report mentions that as a result of a following circular letter "Yammamoto claimed to have a culture of strain No. 1" and subsequently he gives its history as from 1940 as mentioned above.

In the "Statements and Recommendations" of the TSC meeting - Moscow, 1966, it is reported that "Strain RGA was unanimously accepted as authentic and well documented. It was preferred to the Japanese strain because the authenticity of the strain is now doubfull".
This view continued until the recent review on the strain's history by Yamamoto and Yanagawa (1990).
The TSC then decided during its emeeting in Osaka (1990) to recognize the authenticity of strain Ictero No. 1. As Ictero No. 1 is earlier isolated and published than strain RGA the TSC decided at the same meeting to replace RGA by Ictero No. 1 as reference strain of serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and as neotype strain of the species interrogans, notwithstanding its serological difference from strain RGA.

No comparative typing studies had been carried out on strains RGA and Ictero No. 1 until those of Babudieri and Smith (1968), which revealed serological differences. Lately this was confirmed y Yamamoto (1990). Borg-Peterson (1971) and Kmety (1972) considered these differences to be due to the presence in Ictero No. 1 of a thermolabile anigen, designated as Vi, which was not present in strain RGA. Kmety suggested subvividing serovar icterohaemorrhagiae into two varieties, Vi+ and Vi-, with Ictero No. 1 being the reference strain of Vi+ variety and RGA the reference strain of Vi- variety. However, over the years the stability of the Vi antigen became questionable.
00086~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~icterohaemorrhagiae~RGA~1916~HUMAN~Germany~~The designation RGA is an abbreviation of the Reichsgesundheisamt in Berlin, where the strain was first culture in vitro.

During World War I, in November 1916, strain RGA was isolated by Uhlenhuth and Fromme through guinea-pig inoculation with blood from a soldier in Belgium. They considered it to be the an ethological agent of Wiel's disease. In the original publication (Uhlenhuth and Fromme, 1916) the originism is described as Spirochaeta icterogenes. According to a letter of Borg-Petersen to the secretary of the TSC, dated January 1969, the infected guinea-pigs were sent to the Robert Koch Institue (Prof. Otto) and thence to the laboratory of the Reichsgesundheitsamt. There the strain was cultured in vivo in February 1916. The strain originally named "Berlin" and "original strain from Uhlenhuth and Fromme" was succesfully maintained and in 1924 a subculture was sent by Manteufel from the Reichsgesundheitsamt to Schffner in Amsterdam (Institute of Tropical Hygiene) under the designation GA (Gipsen and Schffner, 1939).

Strain RGA appeared already on the list of Wolff and Broom (1954) as the reference strain of serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and still did when the last WHO list was published in 1967 (WHO, Tech. Rep. No. 380, 1967). This was in accordance with the recommendations of the TSC at the meeting in Moscow in 1966, reading that, "the oldest surviving authentic strain, RGA should be accepted as the neotype strain of the species interrogans". This was approved again at the Manchester meeting of the TSC in 1986.

However after recognizing by the TSC (Osaka, 1990), the authenticity of the strain Ictero No. 1,they consequently decided to replace RGA by Ictero No. 1 as reference strain of the serovar and as a neotype strain of the species interrogans in spite of the serological difference between the two srains (see Ictero No. 1).
00087~~~sejroe~istrica~BRATISLAVA~1977~YELLOW NECKED FIELD MOUSE (APODEMUS FLAVICOLIS)~Czechoslovakia~~The strain was isolated in 1954 from the kidney of a yellow necked fildemouse (Apodemus flavicollis) in the Danube region of Czechoslovakia (Kmet, Ple{ko, 1956).
Factor analysis revealed its separate serological status (Kmety, 1977). The serovar name istrica was given, and it was suggested that it should be placed in the subgroup Sejroe of the Sejroe serogroup.
00088~~~australis~jalna~JALNA~1960~YELLOW-NECKED FIELF MOUSE (APODEMUS FLAVICOLIS)~Czechoslovakia~~The strain was isolated in Czechoslovakia from the kidney of a yellow-necked field mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) in 1953 (Kmety, 1954). It was later submitted to factor analysis and described as a new serovar named jalna, ref. strain Jalna (Kmety, 1960).
In Dikken and Kmety's publication in represents the subgroup Jalna (Dikken, Kmety, 1978).
00089~~~javanica~javanica~VELDRAT BATAVIA 46~1938~FIELDRAT (RATTUS RATTUS BREVICAUDATUS)~Indonesia~~Twelve of the srains isolated in 1938 from fieldrats (Rattus rattus brevicaudatus) trapped near Ambarawa, Indonesia, (Sardjito et al., 1937) were studied by Esseveld et a. (1938). Eleven were found to represent a new serovar javanica with typ strain R. Ambawara 94 (RA 94).
Previously in 1937 Esseveld had isolated in Jakarta (Batavia), Java, Indonesia, leptospiral strains from cats, among them the well studied strain K 49, which gave similar agglutination reactions to RA 94. Therefore Esseveld and Collier(1938) concluded that strain K 49 belonged to the recently described serovar javanica.
During that period Esseveld, Collier and Mochtar investigated about 3000 trapped animals near Jakarta (Batavia), Java (Gispen 1939). During that investigation strain Veldrat Batavia 46 was probably isolated. In a previous publication Esseveld (1938) quoted this strain as the reference strain for serovar javanica. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1963), who confirmed its serological status.
It can be concluded that strain K 49 is one of the original isolates which was used as the reference strain during the early investigations to represent this serovar. It was belived that this strain was lostduring the Second World War. Later it was found that strain K 49 was kept in the Eykman Institute, yJakarta (Batavia) and sent by Mochtar to Prof. Yamamoto during May 1942. In 1976 Prof. Yamamoto forwarded the strain to the reference laboratory in Amsterdam, where it was typed and found to belong to the same serovar as Veldrat Batavia 46.
Since strain K 49 and Veldrat Batavia 46 were isolated and described during the same period in 1938, both strains could have been considered as reference strains. However Veldrat Batavia 46 has for long been used as such and therefore takes precedence.
00090~~~celledoni~javanica 4~M 6906~1984~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated from a patient in the Yunnan province, China, in 1969 and described by Gao et al. (1984) as a new serovar named javanica 4. Its serological status has been confirmed by a RL. The serovar was recognized by the TSC (Manchester, 1986) in spite of its incorrect naming,which it is expected to change to mengdeng (personal communication Chen Ting-Zuo, 1987). Because of incomplete documentation the serovar is listed with i.d. in the Revised List (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00091~~~canicola~jonsis~JONSIS~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~
00092~~~hebdomadis~jules~JULES~1958~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strain was isolated from the blood of a patient in Zaire (formerly Belgium Congo between the years 1952-1953 (van Riel et al., 1956).
Wolff and Bohlander (198) studied the strain and found it to represent a new serovar which they named jules. The srain is mentioned in the Second Report of a joint WHO/FAO Expert Committee on Zoonoses (1959) with a note to indicate that is should be "provisionally classified pending further work".
The strain was submitted to factor analysis byKmety (1977) who on the basis of the results suggested that it should be placed in a subgroup to be named Borincana.
00093~~~hebdomadis~kabura~KABURA~1952~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Zaire (formerly Belgium Congo) between the years 1938-1946 by van Riel (1952). it is stated in this paper that no serological relationships with Congian, European, Indonesian or Australian strains could be found. Van Riel placed the strain in the Hebdomadis serogroup without suggesting a strain name.
Wolff and Bohlander (1958) confirmed the separate status of the strin and adopted the serovar name kabura with strain name Kabura.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who suggested that it should be placed in a subgroup to be named Borincana.
00094~~~hebdomadis~kambale~KAMBALE~1960~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Zaire (formerly Belgium Congo) sometime during the years 195-1956 by van Riel (1960) and described as a new serovar designated kambale.
In the WHO list of 1967 it appears as a recongnized serovar.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who suggested that it should be placed in a subgroup to be named as Hebdomadis.
00095~~~canicola~kamituga~KAMITUGA~1939~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strain was isolated in 1939 from a sick field worker in Kivu, Zaire (former Belgian Congo) by van Riel (van den Berghe, van Riel, 1939). In van Riel's paper (1946) the strain was differentiated by absorption tests from many other strains.
The serovar represented by strain Kamatuga first appears in the list of serovars of 1965 (WhO, 1965) under provisional status, but in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) it is a recognized serovar.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis and it was suggested that itshould be place in the subgroup Canicola (Kmety, 1967).
00096~~~tarassovi~kanana~KANANA~1981~GERBIL (TATERA ROBUSTRA)~Kenya~~The strain was isolated in 1967 from a gerbil (Tatera robustra) captured near Ramisi, Kwale District, Cost Province, Kenya by Njenga and described by Dikken et al. (1981) as a new serovar named kanana with reference strain Keale. The new serovar was recognized by the TSC in 1986 and is included in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00097~~~tarassovi~kaup~LT 64-68~1971~BANDICOOT (ECHYMIPERA KALABU)~New Guinea~~The strain was isolated in 1967 from a bandicoot (Echymipera kalabu) in New Guinea and published to be a new serovar named kaup, ref. strain LT 64-68 by Morahan (1971). The serovar was recognized by the TSC in 1986 (Manchester, 1986). Because of incomplete documentation in the original publication, the strain is marked by i.d. in the Revised List of serovars of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00098~~~ballum~kenya~NJENGA~1981~POUCHED RAT (SACCOSTOMUS COMPESTRIS)~Kenya~~The strain was isolated in April 1968 by Njenga from a pouched rat (Saccostamys campestris) in the Lambwe Valley, Nyanza Province, Kenya, and described by Dikken et al. (1981) as a new serovar named kenya. They considered the strain to represent a new serogroup namedKenya. However, being the only member of that group and having certain affinities to members of the Ballum group, the strain has been provisionally attached to this group.
00099~~~tarassovi~kisuba~KISUBA~1956~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Zaire (former Belgian Congo) by Van Riel et al. (1956). In the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965) it is first mentioned as a separate serovar named kisuba, ref. strain Kisuba.
Wolff and Bohlander (1960) studied the strain and approved its separate serological status.
00100~~~bataviae~kobbe~CZ 320~1966~SPINY RAT (PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated from a spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus) in the Panama Canal Zone in 1962 and described as a new serovar of the Bataviae group by Gale et al. (1966). The new serovar appeared for the first time in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967), with the strain designation CZ 320 K, which has since been corrected to the original CZ 320.
00101~~~hebdomadis~kremastos~KREMASTOS~1958~HUMAN~Australia~~The srain was isolated in 1952 from a patient in North Queensland, Australia, by Smith et al. (194). It was thought to represent a new serovar although no description of the serovar is given.
The strain was studied serologically by Wolf and Bohlander (1958), who confirmed its separate serovar status and suggested the name Kremastos for the strain, and also for the serovar designation.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who on the basis of the results suggested that it should be placed in a subgroup to be named Borincana.
00102~~~pomona~kunming~K 5~1984~MOUSE (APODEMUS CHEVRIERI)~China~~Strain K 5 was isolated from a mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) in Kunming City in Yunnan province (China) and was described by Gao Ji-yuan et al. (1984) as a new serovar kunming with reference strain K  in the serogroup Pomona. Its serovar status was confirmed by a RL. The strain was recognized as representing a separate serovar by the TSC (Manchester, 1986).
Because of incomplete documentation the strain is listed with i.d. (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00103~~~canicola~kuwait~136/2/2~1983~BROWN RAT (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)~Kuwait~~The strain was isolated 1979 from the kidneyss of a brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) trapped near Kuwait City by Bezjak (1983), and described by Terpstra (1983) as a separate serovar named kuwait, ref. strain 136/2/2.
00104~~~pyrogenes~kwale~JULU~1979~HUMAN~Kenya~~Strain Julu was isolated from ascholboy in the Coust Province of Keny in 1968 (de Geus, 1971). The isolate aappeared to be a member of the Pyrogenes roup (de Geus, 1977) and was described by Dikken et al.(1979) as a new serovar kwale, with reference strain Julu. Its serovar status has been confirmed by a RL.
00105~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~lai~LAI~1966~HUMAN~China~~The strain Lai was isolated from a patient Lai An-hwa (or hua) during an explosive outbreak of leptospirosis in 1958 in the Wenjiang District of Sichuan province of China (Chen Tingzuo et al., 1986). Thje strain was apparently described by Liu et al. in 1966. Its separate serological status was confirmed by a RL.
Because of lack of documentation at the time of the Manchester meeting in 1986 the TSC decided to record the serovar in the Annex to the Revised List (Kmety and Dikken, 1988).
Documentation which is now avaliable is sufficient to permit the inclusion of lai as a separate serovar in the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in the updated attached serovar list.
00106~~~autumnalis~lambwe~LAMBWE~1981~GRASS RAT (ARVICANTHIS NILOTICUS)~Kenya~~The srain was isolated as unstripped grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) in 1968 in the Lambwe Valley, Nyanza Province, Kenya, and described as a new serovar named lambwe, ref. strain Lambwe, by Dikken et al. (1981).
00107~~~louisiana~lanka~R 740~1971~HUMAN~Ceylon~~The strain was isolated in 1967 from a patient in Ceylon and described as a new serovar of the Autumnalis group named lanka, reference strain R 740 (Nityanada, Sulzer, 1971).
Serovar lanka waas recognized by the TSC in 1986 and was placed according to the suggestion of Dikken and Kmety (1978) within the new Lousiana seroroup. It appears as such in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00108~~~manhao~lincang~L 14~1981~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1977 by Chen Ming-hua from a patient in Lincang, Yunnan province, China. The strain was studied by Qin Jin-cai et al. (1981) in Beijing by factor analysis and found to represent a new serovar named lincang, reference strain L 14, in the Mahnao serogroup.
Because of controversial typing results the serovar is marked bij ++ in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988), and the attached updated list.
00109~~~australis~lora~LORA~1942~HUMAN~Italy~~The strain was isolated in 1941 from a patient in Italy by Mino (1942), who indicated its serological relationship with type "Australis B", but no names were mentioned. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1960) and found to represent a separate serovar. The serovar name lora was proposed. It appeared already in the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965) under provisional status. In the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) it is quoted as a recognized serovar. In Dikken and Kmety's publication (1978) it is placed in the subgroup Australis.
00110~~~louisiana~louisiana~LSU 1945~1964~ARMADILLO (DASYPUS NOVEMCINCTUS)~Usa~~The strain was isolated from the kidney of an armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in th state of Lousiana of the United States and described as a new serovar of the Autumnalis group named louisiana, reference strain LSU 1945 (Roth et al., 1964). It appears in the WHO "list of serotypes" (1967) within the Autumnalis serogroup. However, Dikken and Kmety (1978) considered that this serovar represents a new serogroup, which they named Louisiana. This proposal was accepted by the TSC in 1982 (Boston) and serovar louisiana is placed within the Lousiana serogroup in the REvised List of 1988 (Kmety and Dikken, 1988).
00111~~~shermani~luis~M 6~1984~OPOSSUM (PHILANDER OPOSSUM)~Peru~~The strain was isolated in 1970 from the kidney of an opossum (Philander opossum) at Tingo Maria in the Peruvian jugnle and described as a new serovar of the Tarassovi group named luis, reference strain M 6, by Liceras de Hidalgo et al. (1984). The strain was later  placed in the Chermani group because of its limited relationship to members of the Tarassovi group and its high reactivity with shermani antiserum (Kmety unpublished data). The TSC approved this suggestion in 1986 (Manchester meeting, 1986). Being not yet confirmed by a RL it was included in the list of 1988 under provisional status (+). As its serovar status has now been confirmed by a RL, it is included in the attached updated list, unconditionally.
00112~~~sarmin~machiguenga~MMD 3~1984~OPOSSUM (PHILANDER OPOSSUM)~Peru~~The strain was isolated in 1970 from the kidney of an opossum (Philander opossum) trapped in the Peruvian jungle near Peurto Maldonada and was published by Liceras de Hidalgo et al. (1984) as a new serovar named machiguenga, reference strain MMD 3, in the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Being found to be serologically more related to members of the reestablished Sarmin group, it was placed in that group in the Revised List (1988), but still under provisonal status (Kmety, Dikken, 1988). Later its serovar status was confirmed y a RL and recognized by the TSC (Osaka, 1990). It is therefore included in the attached updated list uncounditionally.
00113~~~canicola~malaya~H 6~1955~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Malaysia and desribed as a new serovar named malaya, ref.strain H 6 (Alexander et all, 1955). It appeared already in the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965) as a recognized serovar.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis and it was suggested that it should be placed in the subgroup Schueffneri (Kmety, 1967).
00114~~~panama~mangus~TRVL/CAREC 137774~1978~MONGOOSE (HERPESTES AUROPUNCTATUS)~Trinidad~~The strain was isolated from a mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) saught in November 1973 at Chaguaramas, north-west Trinidad and described by Green et al. (1978) as a new serovar named mangus, reference strain TVRL/CAREC 137774, of the Panama group. As the strain still requires confirmation by a RL, it was included in the Revised List (Kmety and Dikken, 1988) under provisional status (+).
00115~~~manhao~manhao 2~L 105~1979~HUMAN~China~~The strain L105 was isolated from the blood of a patient during an investigation on leptospirosis (1964-1965) in the Manhao area of Mengzi County, Xunnan province of China, by a working group of the Institute of Military, Kunming (1979). The strain was described as a new serovr named manhao 2, reference strain L105 (laboratory code no. 56615). Later the strain was studied by factor analysis by Qin Jin-cai et al. (1981), who confirmed its separate status. The serovar was recognized by the TSC (Manchester, 1986) in spite of its incorrect naming, which is expected to be changed in qingshui (personal communication, Zhang Fang-zheng, 1988). Its serovar status has been confirmed by a RL. Because of incomplete documentation the serovar is marked by i.d. in the Revised List (Kmety, Dikkne, 1988), and the attached updated list.
00116~~~manhao~manhao 4~LI 130~1978~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1973 from the blood of a patient in Lichuan County, Jiangxi province of China, and described by Luo Heng-sheng et al. (1978) as a new serovar named mahnao 4, reference strain Li 130. Later the strain was studied by factor analysis by Qin Jincai et al., 1981, who confirmed its separate status. The serovar was recognized by the TSC (Manchester, 1986) in spite of its incorrect naming, which ios expected to be changed to lichuan (personal communication, Zhang Fang-zheng, 1988). Its serovar status has been confirmed by a RL. Because of incomplete documentation the serovar is marked by i.d. in the Revised List (Kmety, Dikken, 1988), and the attached updated list.
00117~~~pyrogenes~manilae~LT 398~1963~RAT (RATUS NORVEGICUS)~~~The strain was isolated from a rat (Rattus norvegicus) in Manila sometime during the years 1957-1959 and described as a new serovar name manile, ref. strain LT 398 (Galton et al., 1963). The new serovar first appears in the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965) with the footnote "Provisional clasisification pending further work". In the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) it is included as a recognized serovar.
00118~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~mankarso~MANKARSO~1953~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain Mankarso was isolated in Sumatra, Indonesia, in 1938 from a patient suffering from leptospirosis (Wolff, 1953). It first appeared as a separate serovar named mankarso in Wolff and Broom's list (1954). In his "Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospirosis" (1954), page 82, Wolf states that "the strain Mankarso shows sereologic affinity to L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. naam, but absorption tests have revealed slight differences in antigenic constitution". The strain was submitted to factor analysis (Kmety, 1967), which proved its separate status.
00119~~~hebdomadis~manzhuang~A 23~1988~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1962 from the blood of a patient in Mengla, Yunnan Prorince, China and was described as a new serovar of the Hebdomadis group by Zhang Fan-heng et al. (1988). It has been included in the attached updated list, but it has not yet been confirmed by a RL.
Therefore the serovar has been given provisional status (+).
00120~~~hebdomadis~maru~CZ 285~1966~SURFACE WATER~Panama~~The strain was isolated in 1962 in the Panama Canal Zone from surface water through hamsterpassage. It was described by Gale et al. (1966) as a new serovar named maru, reference strain CZ 285. (In Annex 1 and 2 of the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) the strain is incorrectly designated as CZ 285 D and CZ 285 B respectively).
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977) and the results indicated that it should be placed in the subgroup to be named as Nebdomadis.
00121~~~sejroe~medanensis~HOND HC~1948~DOG~Indonesia~~Hond HC is one of the strains isolated in 1929 from healthy gods in Sumatra, Indonesia, by Kouwenaar and Wolff (1929). In the original publication no names of strains are given. The strain was later desgnated by Wolff as Hond HC (personal communiction).
the strain was studied by Walch-Sorgdrager and Bohlander (1939) and later by Borg-Petersen (1944). The first authors treated the strain as a representative of a group of strains which they designated H.C. Borg-Petersen refers to "type hc strain HC2 or "H.C.". Collier (1948) suggested the serovar name medanensis. The strain appears in the first serovar list of 1954(Wolff, Broom, 1954) under the strain name H.C. In the WHO list of 1959 the name Hond HC is used officially for the first time. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who, on the basis of the results, suggested that it should be placed in the subgroup Wolffi.
00122~~~pyrogenes~menglian~S 621~1988~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1981 from a man in Yunnan province of China and described by Li Cui-zhi et al. (1988). Its separate serovar status was confirmed by a RL. Not beening published at the time of the TSC meeting (Manchester, 1986), the serovar was not included in the Revised List of 1988, but is included in the attached updated list.
00123~~~javanica~mengma~S 590~1988~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1986 from a man in Yunnan province of China and described as a new serovar named mengma, reference strain S 90, by Li Cui-zhi et al. (1988). Being not yet confirmed by a RL it is included in the attached updated list under provisional status (+).
00124~~~tarassovi~mengpeng~A 82~1985~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1970 from the blood of a patient in Mengla County, China, and described by Zhang Fang-zheng et al. (1985) as a new serovar of the Tarassovi or Shermani serogroup. Being not yet confirmed by a RL, it is given provisional status (+), and is tentatively placed in the Tarassovi group in the attached updated list. This was accepted by the TSC (Osaka, 1990).
00125~~~javanica~menoni~KERALA~1981~BANDICOOT (BANDICOTA BENGALENSIS)~India~~The strain was isolated in 1970 from the kidney of abandicoot (Bandicota bengalensis) trapped in Mannuthy, India, and described by Dikken et al. (1981) as a new serovar named menoni with reference strain Kerala.
00126~~~javanica~menrun~A 102~1984~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1970 from a patient in the province of Yunnan, China, and described by Gao et al. (1984) as a new serovar named menrun, reference strain A 102. Its srovar status was confirmed by a RL, and it was therefore recognized by the TSC (Manchester, 1986). Because of incomplete documentation the strain is listed with i.d. in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988), and in the attached updated list.
00127~~~mini~mini~SARI~1941~HUMAN~Italy~~Sari is one of the strains isolated in 1940 from patients in Nothern Italy by Mino (1941), who considered them to be closely relate, but not identical to serovar sejroe. Babudieri (1956) studied the strain and described it as a new serovar which he named mini. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who suggested that is should be placed in a new serogroup named Mini. The TSC accepted this suggestion during the Boston meeting in 1982, and consequently this serovar appears in the REvised List (1988) in the new serogroup Mini.
00128~~~tarassovi~mogdeni~COMPTON 746~1987~HUMAN~England~~The strain was isolated in England in 1977 from human sewage effluent (the liquid portion which aftger aeration is allowed to drain into the waterways) by the staff of the Microbiol. Dep. of the Inst. for Research in Animal Diseases at Compton-Berkshire (Cinco et al., 1980). It eas found to be closely related to strains within the Tarassovi serogroup and described as a new serovar named mogdeni, reference strain Compton 746 (Coghlan et al., 1987).
00129~~~autumnalis~mooris~MOORES~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strainwas isolated from a patient sommetime during the years 1953-195 in Malaysia (Alexander et al., 1957) and described as a new serovar of the Autumnalis group.
In the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) it is quoted as a recognized serovar.
In Dikken and Kmty's publication (1978) the serovar is placed in the subgroup Fort-Braggi.
00130~~~pomona~mozdok~5621~1965~FIELD VOLE (MICROTUS ARVALIS)~Soviet Union~~The strain was isolated in 1961 from the kidney of a common field vole (Microtus arvalis), trapped in the Mozdok district of North Ossetica, Soviet Union, by Semenova (1965), who considered it to be asubserovar of pomona. Chernukha (1966) confirmed its separate status. However in comparative studies Kmety (1970) did not find sufficient serological differences between strain 5621 and Pomona to justify its separate status. Similar findings were reported by Borg-Petersen (1974). In constrast Nicolescu and Moldoveanu (1974) confirmed again its separate status, which was supported by comparative factor analysis studies of Manev (1976).
Terpstra carried out studies with monoclonal antibodies and considered the strain to be a separate serovar (Terpstra et al., 1987). The strain was already included in the list of 1967 under provisional status, and was recognized as representing a separate serovar by the TSC in 1986.
00131~~~grippotyphosa~muelleri~RM 2~1973~RAT (RATTUS MUELLERI)~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated in Malaysia from a rat (Rattus muelleri) by Wisseman et al. (1955) and described by AYlexander et al. (1955) as a complete biotype of L. gripotyphosa, with ref. strain RM 2, although small diferences (3-6% residual titre) were found. Kokovin (1970) mentions the strain as a separate serovar under the name rattus. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety and Lataste-Dorolle (1973), who found it to represent a new serovar for which the name muelleri was proposed. As this last publication gives a valid description of the serovar, the name muelleri was accepted by the TSC (Manchester, 1986).
00132~~~australis~muenchen~MUNCHEN~1942~HUMAN~Germany~~The strain was isolated by Rimpau 1942) from a patient in Germany, who considered it to belong to the former Australis B group (later named Pyrogenes group). In this publication no name of the isolate is given. Wolff (1953) found the strain to be different from Ballico. It appears already in 1954 in the list of Wolff and Broom as a recognized serovar muenchen with strain name Munchen C 90 in the Australis group.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis (Kmety, 1960) and later is was suggested that it should be placed in the subgroup Jalna (Dikken and Kmety, 1978).
00133~~~autumnalis~mujunkumi~YEZSH 237~1971~LONG EARED HODGEHOG (HEMIECHINUS AURITUS)~Soviet Union~~The strain was isolated in 1966 from the kidney of a long-eared hedgehod (Hemiechinus auritus) in South Kazakhastan-Soviet Union and described by Chermukha et al. (1971) as a new serovar named mujunkumi, closely related to the serovar erinaceiauriti.
Becaus its serological status was confirmed after the Manchester meeting, it was included in the Revised List (1988) with an (o). As it has now been accaptd y the TSC, Osaka (1990), it is included in the attached updated list unconditionally with the corrected transcription of the origial Russian strain name Yezsh.
00134~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~mwogolo~MWOGOLO~1946~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strian Mwogolo was isolated from a patient in Zaire (formerly the Belgium Congo) in 1938 by van Riel (1946). The strain was studied and described as a new serovar of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup by Kmety (1967).
00135~~~pyrogenes~myocastoris~LSU 1551~1963~NUTRIA (MYOCASTOR COYPUS)~Usa~~The strain was isolated from a nutria (Myocastor coupus) inthe USA in 1962 by Roth et al. (1963), who descirbed it as a new subserovar of L. zanoni named L. zanoni myocastoris. In the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965) it appears under provisional status and in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) as a recognized serovar named myocastoris, with ref. strain LSU 1551. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967) who confirmed its separate status. Later it was suggested that the serovar should be placed in the subgroup Zanoni (Dikken, Kmety, 1978).
00136~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~naam~NAAM~1940~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain Naam was isolated by Wolf in 1936, from a fatal case of leptospirosis in a labourer in Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia (Walch-Sorgdrager et al., 1940).
The strain was later studied serologically and appears in Wolff and Broom's list (1954) as a separate serovar named naam. The separate serological status of the strain was confirmed by factor analysis (Kmety, 1967).
00137~~~autumnalis~nanla~A 6~1989~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated from the blood of a patient in 1962 in Menglacounty, Xishuangbana, Yunnan province, China and described by Zhang Fang-zheng et al. in 1989 as a new serovar in the Autumnalis group. Being not yet confirmed by a RL it is given provisional status (+) in the attached list of serovars.
00138~~~tarassovi~navet~TRVL 109873~1978~HUMAN~Trinidad~~The strain was isolated in 1971 from the blood of a 15 year old boy in the village of Navet, Trinidad, and described as a new serovar named navet, ref. strain TRVL 109873 (Green, 1978). The new serovar was recognized by the TSC 1986 and is included in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00139~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~ndahambukuje~NDAHAMBUKUJE~1946~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strain Ndahambukuje was isolated from a patient in Zaire (formerly the Belgium Congo) in 1938 by van Riel (1946). Although it is not mentioned in van Thiel's "The Leptospirosis", nor in Wolff and Broom's list of 1954, ndahambukuje appears in the WHO list of 1967 (WHO, Tech.Rep.Ser., No. 380) as a recognised serovar, after being studied by Kmety (1967), who confirmed its separate serological status.
00140~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~ndambari~NDAMBARI~1946~HUMAN~Zaire~~The strain Ndambari was isolated from a patient in Zaire (formerly the Belgium Congo) in 1938 by van Riel (1946). It was first mentioned as representing a separate serovar in van Thiel's "The Leptospirosis" (1948), but it does not appear in Wolff and Broom's list of 1954.
The strain was studied by Kmety (1967) and included as a recognized serovar in the WHO list of 1967 (WHO, Tech. Rep. Ser., o. 380).
00141~~~australis~nicaragua~1011~1982~WEASEL (MUSTELA NIVALIS)~Nicaragua~~The strain was isolated from a weasel (Mustela nivalis) in Nicaragua by Clark and studied by Galton (WHO, 1967), who suggested the name nicaragua.
Although an official description of this serovar was not yet published, it was included in the list of serovars of 1967 (WHO, 1967), under provisional status, named nicaragua, ref. strain LT 990 (CDD laboratory code number).
The strain was submitted to factor analysis be Kmety (unpublished data), and is quoted in Appendix V. of Dikken and Kmety's publication (1978) as a member of the subgroup Australis.
The strain was published by Sulzer et al. (1982), who quoted the name of the reference strain as 1011. This designation replaces the former laboratory code LT 990.
00142~~~pyrogenes~nigeria~VOM~1989~BOVINE~Nigeria~~The strain was isolated from a bovine kidney obtained from the abattoir in Jos, Nigeria, and described by Ezeh et al. (1989) as a new serovar in the Pyrogenes group. Howeever in this publication no serovar name is given. Only the laboratory coce number of the strain is given as vv 3 JA. But in the following paper by Ezeh et al. (1990) the serovar name nigeria is proposed. In this paper the strain name Vom is suggested, which should replace the laboratory code. The status of the strain has been confirmed by a RL. It is included in the attached updated list of serovars.
00143~~~hebdomadis~nona~NONA~1960~HUMAN~Zaire~~The srain was isolated from a patient in Zaire (formerly Belgium Congo) sometime during the years 1955-1956 by van Riel (1960) and described as a 'subserotype' of serovar hebdomadis.
After the abolition of the taxonomic range of 'subserotypes', it was upgrade to the rank of serovar and appears as such on the WHO list of 1967.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977) and placed in a subgroup to be named as Hebdomadis.
00144~~~sejroe~nyanza~KIBOS~1978~HUMAN~Kenya~~The strain was isolated in 1969 from a sick boy in Kenya by de Geus (1971) and studied by Dikken et al. (1978). Time name nyanza was sugested for the new serovar, with reference strain Kibos. It conforms to the Saxkoebing subgroup. The serovar nyanza was officially recognized by the TSC in 1986 and is included in the REvised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00145~~~louisiana~orleans~LSU 2580~1964~NUTRIA (MYOCASTOR COYPUS)~United States~~The strain was isolated from the kidney of a nutria (Myocastor coypus) in the state of Lousiana of the United States and described as a new serovar of the Autumnalis group named arleans, with reference strain LSU 2580, (Rot et al., 1964).
Dikken and Kmety (1978) suggested placing this serovar within the new serogroup Louisiana. Serovar arleans was recognized by the TSC in 1986 and was placed in the Louisiana serogroup. It appears as such in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety and Dikken, 1988).
00146~~~bataviae~paidjan~PAIDJAN~1953~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated in 1939 in Sumatra, Indonesia, from a human case of leptospirosis and was considered to represent a new serovar of the Bataviae group (Wolf, 1953). The strain appeared for the first time in Wolff and Broom's list of 1954 as a separate serovar.
00147~~~panama~panama~CZ 214~1966~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated in 1962 from the kidney of an opossum (idelphis marsupialis) trapped in the Panama Canal Zone and described by Gale et al. (1966) as a new serovar named panama, reference strain CZ 214 of an undetermined serogroup.
In the WHO list of 1967 the serovar appears as a member of a separate serogroup named Panama.
00148~~~mini~perameles~BANDICOOT 343~1964~BANDICOOT (PARAMELES NASUTA)~Australia~~The strain was isolated in 1958 from a bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) in North Queensland, Australia, by Amanuel. It was studied by Wolff and Bohlander (1964), who described it as a new serovar named paramelis of the Hebdomadis serogroup. This name was later corrected to perameles (WHO, 1967). The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977) who confirmed its serovar status and suggested placing it in the proposed new Mini serogroup.
During the TSC Boston meeting of 1982 this proposal was accepted.
00149~~~australis~peruviana~V 42~1973~CATTLE~Peru~~The strain was isolated in 1962 from cattle in Peru by Hidalgo and Herrer and studied by Galton (WHO, 1967). Although an official description of the serovar was not published, it appeared in the list of serovars of 1967 (WHO, 1967), under provisional status, named peruviana, ref. strain LT 941 (CDC code number).
The strain was described by Hidalgo (1973), who gave the name of the strain as V 42 instead of LT 941. The strain was also submitted to factor analysis (Kmety, unpublished data), and is listed in Appendix V. of Dikken and Kmety's publication (1978) as a member of the Australis subgroup.
00150~~~ranarum~pingchang~80-412~1984~FROG (RANA NIGROMACULATA)~China~~The strain was isolated from the kidney of a frog (Rana nigromaculata) in 1980 in the county in Pingchang, Sichuan province of China and described as a new serovar of the Ranarum serogroup by workers of the Sichuan Sanitarry and Anti-Epidemic Station in 1984. The serovrar status of this strain has been confirmed by a RL. Therefore the serovar is included in the attached updated list unconditionally.
00151~~~javanica~poi~POI~1942~HUMAN~Italy~~The strain was isolated 1941 by Mino (19429 from a patient suffering from leptospirosis in Italy and designated as Poi. By comparative serological studies Wolff (193) found that the strain showed a stron serological relationship with Veldrat Batavia 46. Preliminary absorption tests proved the close affinity between those strains. The strain already appeared in the list of 1954 (Wolff and Broom) as a separate serovar. This was confirmed by Kmety (1963), who studied the strain by factor analysis.
00152~~~sejroe~polonica~493 POLAND~1964~HODGEHOG (ERINACEUS ROUMANICUS)~Poland~~The strain was isolated in Poland in 1957 from a hedgehor (Erinaceus roumanicus) by Parnas and Cybulka (1965), who described it as a new serovar named polonica. Wolff and Bohlander (1964) studied the strain and confirmed its separate serological status. This last paperappeared earlier than the publication in whiche the original findings were publiched. The description is therefore attached to the year 1964. The serovar appears for the first time in the list of 1965 (WHO, 1965).
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety(1977) and placed in the by him suggested subgroup Sejroe of serogroup Sejroe.
00153~~~pomona~pomona~POMONA~1937~HUMAN~Australia~~During on outbreak of seven-day fever occurring in a dairy-farming community near Pomona in North Queensland (Australia), Clayton et al.(1937), isolated this train in 1936 from the blood of a patient.
They found the strain antigenically distinct from other serovars known to them. Lumley (1937) and Johnson & Brown (1938) also compared the strain with other strins and confirmed the previous findings. Later Derrick (1942), after having studied 80 cases concluded that the strain Pomona represented a new serovar which he named pomona. The serovar is already quoted in the list of Wolf & Broom of 1954.
00154~~~canicola~portlandvere~MY 1039~1982~HUMAN~Jamaica~~The strain was isolated from the blood of a human patient in Jamaica and published by Sulzer (1982) as a new serovar named portlandvere, with ref. strain MY 1039. Its serovar status was confirmed by a RL after the TSC meeting, Manchestger 1986, and is therefore marked by(o) on the Revised List (1988). In the updated attached list it is included unconditionally.
00155~~~pyrogenes~princestown~TRVL 112499~1978~HUMAN~West Indies~~The strain was isolated in 1971 from the blood of a 15 year old boyfrom Princestown, Trinidad, West Indies, and described as a new serovar named princestown, ref. strain TRVL 112499, in the Pyorgenes group (Green et al., 1978).
As its serovar status was not yet confirmed by a RL, it is marked (+) in the Revised List of 1988. It was subsequently confirmed by a RL, and accepted at the TSC meeting in Osaka, 1990. therefore it is included unconditionally in the attached updated list of serovars.
00156~~~pomona~proechimys~1161 U~1982~SPINY RAT (PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated in the Panama Canal Zone from a Spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus) by Gale and typed by alton (WHO, 1976).
It was included in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) under provisional status under the name proechimys, with reference strain LT 796. Its separate serovar status has been confirmed by Manev (1976), using factor analysis (Manev, 1976). Only in the publication of 1982 by Sulzer et al. are further details given including the name of the reference strain as 1161 U, which had to replace the former laboratory code LT 796.
00157~~~pyrogenes~pyrogenes~SALINEM~1923~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated by Baermann in 1924 from theblood of a patient in Sumatra, Indonesia (van Thiel, 1948). It was supposed that this strain is identical to an earlier strain isolated by Vervoort named L. pyrogenes (Vervoort, 1923), which is no langer available. The serovar name is therefore associated with the year 1923. Mochtar (1927) was the first investigator to study the strain and to differentiate Salinem from teh strain Icterohaemorrhagiae, Hebdomadis, Rachmat, Sumatra, Deli B and saprophytic leptospires isolated from water.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967), who confirmed its present status. Later it was suggested that the serovar should be placed in subgbroup Pyroenes Dikken, Kmety, 1978).
00158~~~autumnalis~rachmati~RACHMAT~1923~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated in Sumatra, Indonesia, in 1923 by Baermann from the blood of a patient (Rachmat) suffering from "leptospirosis febrilis". Baermann (1923) differentiated it from other available strains. Subsequently Schuffner (1939) found that the strain behaved serologically as the 'incomplete biotype' of Akiyami A, and in his publication he named the strain Rachmat. Gispen et al. (1939) confirmed these findings.
In the list of 1959 (WHO, 1959) it is quoted as a 'subserotype' named autumnalis (A). As the taxon 'subserotype' was abolished in 1966, it appears in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) as a separate serovar named rachmati, with reference strain Rachmat.
00159~~~tarassovi~rama~316~1966~OPOSSUM (PHILANDER OPOSSUM)~Nicaragua~~The strain was isolated from an opossum (Philander opossum) in 1962 in Nicaragua and described as a new serovar named rama, ref. strain 316, y Clark et al. (1966). The strain was studied and reported by Galton (WHO, 1967) and is first recorded in the serovar list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) under provisional status with the laboratory code LT 955. The serovar was finally recognized by the TSC in 1986, and is included in the Revised List of 1988 with the original reference strain designation 316 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00160~~~australis~ramisi~MUSA~1979~~Kenya~~The strain was isolated by de Geus (1971) from the blood sample of a 30 years old weedier working in the Ramisi sugar cane fields. Keale district. Coast Province, Kenya, and described as a separate serovar named ramisi, ref. strain Musa by Dikken et al. (1979).
00161~~~ranarum~ranarum~ICF~1972~LEOPARD FROG (RANA PIPIENS)~United States~~The strain was isolated from the kidney of a leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in 1964 in Iowa, United States, by Diesch et al. (1966). The strain did not show any serological relationship to any other leptospiral strain except a very low cross-reactivity with a strain of serovar ballum. Badudieri (1972) studied the strain, confirmed its separate status and consiered it to represent a new serovar, which he named ranarum, with reference strain ICF. It did not showany pathogenic properties in laboratory animals. Cinco (personal communication, 1986) studied the strain and considered it to belong to the parasitic speciess Leptospira interrogans. The serovar was recognized by the TSC (Mahcnester, 1986) and along with serovar evansi, it was considered to form a separate serogroup known as Ranarum. Shortly after, its serovar status was confirmed by a RL and it is therefore marked by (o) in the unconditionally.
00162~~~grippotyphosa~ratnapura~WUMALASENA~1970~HUMAN~Shri Lanka~~The strain was isolated during the period 1965-1966 from a patient in the Ratnapura district of Shri Lanka (Ceylon).
The strain is mentioned in the Fifth Information Exchange in Leptospirosis (1968) by Chemukha et al.
The strain was described by Kokovin and Chernukha (1970), who proposed the serovar nama ratnapura, with ref. strain Wumalasena.
00163~~~sejroe~recreo~380~1977~OPOSSUM (PHILANDER OPOSSUM)~Nicaragua~~The strain, isolated from an opossum (Philander opossum) in Nicargagua bu Clark et al. (1966), was typed by Galton under the laboratory code LT 957 (WHO, 1967). Before any description was published, the strain appeared under provisional status in teh serovar list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) withthe serovar name recreo.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis and described as a new serovar (Kmety, 1977) and it was suggested that it should be placed in the subserogroup Wolffi of the serogroup Sejroe.
Confirmative typing results by agglutinin-absorption test method were not published until 1982 (Sulzer et al., 1982). In this publication the original strain designation 380 is given, which therefore takes priority over the code number.
00164~~~sejroe~ricardi~RICHARDSON~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated in the years 1953-1955 from a patient in Malaysia by Alexander et al. (1957), who described it as a new sub-serovar named ricardi.
the strain appears for the first time in the list of 1959 (WHO, 1959) as a 'sub-serovar' of hamolytica. But in the 1967 list (WHO, 1967) it is given separate serovar status within the Hebdomadis serogroup. It was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety(1977) and placed in the newly established subgroup Saxkoebing of serogroup Sejroe.
00165~~~sarmin~rio~RR 5~1981~BLACK RAT (RATTUS RATTUS)~Brasil~~The strain was isolated in May 1973 from the kidney of a black rat (RAttus rattus) trapped alive in the discrict of Seropdica State of Rio de Janeiro (Cordeiro et al., 1981, a and b), who studied and described the strain as a new serovar withinthe Javanica serogroup. The serovar name rio was proposed. Being found to be serologically more related to members of the reestablished Sarming group, it was placed in that group in the Revised List (1988), but underr provisional status (Kmety, Dikken, 1988), as its serovar status had not yet been confirmed by a RL.
00166~~~bataviae~rioja~MR 12~1984~OPOSSUM (PHILANDER OPOSSUM)~Peru~~The strain was isolated in 1970 from an opossum (Philander opossum) trapped in the Rioja location in the Peruvian jugle and published as a new serovar named rioja (Lacers de Hidalgo et al., 1984). It was recognized at the TSC meeting in Manchester in 1986 as a new serovar of the Bataviae group (Kmety, Dikken, 1988). Its serovar status was confirmed by a RL after that meeting. Therefore it is marked by (o) in the Revised List of 1988. In the updated attached list it is included unconditionally.
00167~~~pyrogenes~robinsoni~ROBINSON~1962~HUMAN~~~The strain was isolated from a sick canifield worker in North Queensland in 1951 by Smith et al. (1954), who found the strain to be antigenically different from strain Zanoni. The strain was forwarded for further investigation to Broom, who report4d that the strain 2has a specific antigen which differs from L. pyrogenes and L. australis B (=L. zanoni)" (Alexander, Smith, 1962).
The strain was then studied by Alexander and Smith (1962) and described as a new serovar named robinson, with ref. strain Robinson.
The strain was later submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1967), who confirmed its separate serological status. Later it was suggested that the serovar should be placed in the subgroup Pyrogenes (Dikken,Kmety, 1978).
00168~~~sejroe~roumanica~LM 294~1977~HOUSE MOUSE (MUS MUSCULUS)~Romania~~The strain was isolate in 1966 from a house mouse (Mus musculus) in Roumania by a work ing group of the Institute of Hygiene in Iasi (Nicolescu, 1976). In this paper the serovar name iassy is used although in the same paper there is a table summarising the results of factor analysis carried out by Kmety (submitted by correspondence) in which the name roumanica is given. The first complete valid description including the serovar name roumanica was given only in 1977 when Kmety published his results of his factor analysis studies of the Hebdomadis serogroup. Since this is considered as the first valid description, the serovar name roumanica with reference strain LM 294 has been accepted by the TSC (Manchester, 1986). In this paper Kmety suggests to place the serovar in the subgroup Wolffi of the newly established serogroup Sejroe.
00169~~~mini~ruparupae~M 3~1984~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~Peru~~The strain was isolated from the kidney of an opoossum (Didelphis marsupialis) in 1970 at Tingo Maria in the Peruvian junge and published as a new serovar of the Sejroe group, named rupa rupa - reference strain M 3 (Liceras de Hidalgo et al., 1984. In accordance with the rules of the code the serovar designation was contracted to one word ruparupae. Further investigations showed its closer relationship with the members of the Mini group. Serovar ruparupae was recognized by the TSC in 1986 and it was placed in the Mini serogroup in the REvised List (Kmety and Dikken, 1988), but marked by (o), since its serovar status was confirmed by a RL after the 1986 TSC meeting. It will be included in the attched updated list, unconditionally.
00170~~~australis~rushan~507~1984~BOMBINA ORIENTALIS~China~~The strain was isolated in 1980 from a Bombina orientalis in Rushan country, Sandong province, China, and described as a member of the Australis group in a paper "The taxonomy of leptospira interrogans in China" by Gao Ji-yuan et al. (1984) (In Chinese). The strain was recognized as representing a separate serovar by the TSC (Manchester, 1986). The original paper gives an incomplete documentation. The strain is therefore marked by i.d.
00171~~~hebdomadis~sanmartini~CT 63~1979~SWINE~Peru~~The strain was isolated by Hidalgo in September 1971 from a pig in the San Martini department of Peru. It was described by Agirre and Chernukha (1979) as a new serovar named sanmartini, closely related to serovars hebdomadis and kremastos.
The serovar was recognized by the TSC at their meeting in 1986 and was included in the Revised List of Leptospiral Serovars (Kmety and Dikken, 1988).
00172~~~sarmin~sarmin~SARMIN~1939~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated by Kotter (1939) from a patient in Indonesia in 1930. The strain was later studied by Wolff (1953). In Wolff and Broom's list (1954) the strain is listed as representing a separate serogroup. Being the only member of that group it was tentatively attached to the Icterohaemorrhagiae group in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967). In Dikken and Kmety's monograph (1978) the serovar sarminis considered as member of a subgroup Sarmin of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. The TSC decided in 1986 to restore the separate status of serogroup Sarmin because serovars had been described in the meantime.
00173~~~sejroe~saxkoebing~MUS 24~1944~FIELD MOUSE (APODEMUS FLAVICOLLIS)~Denmark~~The strain was isolated in 1942 from the kidney of a yellow necked field mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) in enmark and described as a new serovar named saxkoebing, reference strain Mus 24 (Borg-Petgersen, 1944). It appeared for the first time in the list of 1954 (Wolff and Brooom) in the Hebdomadis serogroup.
the strian wassubmitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who confirmed its separate serological status and placed it in subgroup Saxkoebing.
00174~~~canicola~schueffneri~VLEERMUIS 90 C~1938~BAT (CYNOPTERUS)~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated in Indonesia from the brain of a species of a bat (Cynopterus) by Collierand Esseveld (1938), who described it a strain 90 C, with agglutination characteristics different from other known strains. Coller and Mochtar (1939) denominated it "Leptospira schffneri".
The correct transcription of the name "schuffneri" appears firstly in 1959 (WHO, 1959). The strain was submitted to factor analysis and it was suggested that it should be placed in the subgroup Schueffneri (Kmety, 1967).
00175~~~sejroe~sejroe~M 84~1938~HOUSE MOUSE (MUS MUSCULS SPICILEGUS)~Denmark~~The strain was isolated in 1937 from the kidney of a house mouse (Mus musculus spicilegus) in Denmark and described as a new serovar named sejroe, reference strain M 84 (Borg-Petersen, 1938). the strain appeared for the first time in the list of 1954 (Wolff and Broom) in the Hebdomadis serogroup. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who confirmed its separate serological status and placed it in subgroup Sejroe.
00176~~~djasiman~sentot~SENTOT~1940~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isolated in 1937 from a patient living in East-Sumatra, Indonesia, by the staff of the Laboratory for Pathology in Medan. The isolate was considered to be a separate serovar related to djasiman (Walch-Sorgdrager, 1940). The strain appears for the first time in the list of 1959 as representing a separate serogroup (WHO, 1959). In the WHO list of 1967 the strain was placed in the Autumnalis group. However, when Dikken and Kmety (1978) reestablished the serogroup Djasiman, they included sentot in it. The TSC (1986) acepted this proposal.
00177~~~australis~seteropolitana~R 93~1976~CAVIA (CAVIA APERCA AZARAE)~Salvador~~Strain R 93 was isolated from a cavia (Cavia aperca azarae) trapped near Salvador, Bahia state, and was described as a new serovar of the Australis group, named soteropolitana (Silva, 1976). As the separate serovar status had not yet been confirmed, it is listed under provisional status (+) in the Revised List (Kmety, Dikken, 1988) and the attached updated list. Strain R 9 is probably the strain sent out to the reference laboratories under the designation Solteropolitana. In the Instituto Superiore di Sanita in Rome the strain is maintained under the original name R 93.
00178~~~shermani~shermani~1342 K~1982~SPINY RAT (PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated from a spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus) in the Panama Canal Zone by Gale and typed by Galton (WHO, 1967). The strain is listed inthe 1967 WHO list as a separate serovar named shermani, reference strain LT 821, within the new serogroup Shermani. The isolation and description of the strain was first published in 1982 (Sulzer et al., 1982). In this publication the designation of the strain is given as 1342 K, which therefore takes priority over the laboratory code LT 821 as name for the reference strain.
00179~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~smithi~SMITH~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain Smith was isolated from a patient in Malaysia during 1953-1955 and described as a new serovar of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup by Alexander et al., 197).
The strain was studied by Kmety (1967), who confirmed its separate serological status.
00180~~~javanica~sofia~SOFIA 874~1961~HUMAN~Bulgaria~~This Bulgarian strain was isolated in 1958 by Mateev from a patient in Sofia. It was described by Babudieri (1961) as a new serovar of the Javanica serogroup. He designated the serovar name as sofia. The strain is included in the WHO list of 1967 as a separate serovar.
00181~~~javanica~sorexjalna~SOREX JALNA~1955~COMMON SHREW MOUSE (SOREX ARANEUS)~Czechoslovakia~~The strain was isolated byKmety in 1953 from a common shrew mouse (Sorex araneus) trapped near Jalna in Czechoslovakia. Comparative agglutination test (Kmety, 1955) differentiated the strain as a possible new serovar. Factor analysis studies (Kmety, 1963) confirmed its separate serological status. The srain appeared for the first time in the list of 1967 (WHO) as a separate serovar.
00182~~~autumnalis~srebarna~1409/69~1974~SHREW MOUSE (SOREX ARANEUS)~Bulgaria~~The strain was isolated from a shrev mouse (Sorex araneus) during 1969 in the game reserve Srebarna, Silistra district of Bulgaria (Mateev et al., 1971).
The strain was studied and described as a new serovar by Manev (1974) named srebarna with reference strain 1409/69.
00183~~~canicola~sumneri~SUMNER~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~Two identical discriptions. Both strains were isolated from patients in Malaysia and described as new serovars named jonsis, ref. strain Jones and sumneri,m ref. strain Sumner respectively (Alexander et al., 1957). Both strains appear in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) as recognized serovars.
The strains were submitted to factor analysis and it was suggested that they should be placed in the subgroup Canicola (Kmety, 1967).
00184~~~mini~szwajizak~SZWAJIZAK~1956~HUMAN~Australia~~The strain was isolated in 1952 from a patient in North Queensland, Australia, by Smith et al. (1954). Badudieri (1956) studied the strain and described it as an incomplete biotype of mini.
Wolf and Bohlander (1958) checked the serological status of the strain and considered it to be a new serovar which they named szwajizak.
In the serovar list of 1959 (WHo, 1959) the strain is listed as a subserovar of mini, within the Hebdomadis group, but in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) serovar szwajizak is reported as a separate serovar.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who confirmed its separate serological status and proposed placing it in the new Mini serogroup. During the TSC Boston meeting of 1982) this proposal was accepted.
00185~~~mini~tabaquite~TRVL 3214~1977~HUMAN~Trinidad~~The strain was isolated in 1965 from a patient in Trinidad by Spence et al. (1972) and was considered to represent a new serovar named tabaquite, reference strain TVRL 3214. No typing results were given.
The strain was apparently typed by Galton (WhO, 1967), but no results were published. The Annex 1 of the official list of 1967 does not contain this strain, however in Annex 2 of this list the strain is mentioned uner the incorrect designation TVRL 34056 (see also serovar trinidad).
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who confirmed its serovar status and suggested it in the proposed new Mini serogroup. During the TSC Boston meeting of 1982 this proposed was accepted.
Its serovar status was finally confirmed by agglutinin-absorption test method by a RL after the TSC Manchester meeting of 1986. It eas therefore listed by (o) in the REvised List (1988), but it is included in the attached updated list, unconditionally.
00186~~~tarassovi~tarassovi~PEREPELITSIN~1941~HUMAN~Soviet Union~~(Previously named mitis, than hyos, with reference strain Mitis Johnson)

The strain named Mitis Johnson was isolated in Australia from the blood of a sick man (oxdriver) and described as a new serovar named mitis (Johnson, 1942).
Previously, however Mino (1938) had used the serovar name mitis to designate strains of leptospires isolated in Nothern Italy, which Gispen and Schuffner (1939) identified as L. batavaiae. The name mitis teherefore was rejected for both the Australian and the Italian strains.

Savino and Renella (1944) isolated from man and pigs in Argentina leptospiral strains which they believed to constitute a new serovar for which they proposed the name hyos. Babudieri (1951) found hyos to be serologically identical with the strain Mitis Johnson. The name hyos was therefore considered to be the oldest legitimate epithet for the new serovar represented by that strain (Broom, 1952).
In 1938 Tarassov isolated, in the Primoria reion of the Soviet Union, a strain from a patient named Perepelitsin. The clinical picture symptoms and signs of this infection was described by Terskikh et al. (1941). AFter the death of Tarassov the strain was studied by Kiktenko and Ananyin (1941), who found in to be different from other strains and designated it as L. DV-A. No strain name is menmtioned in this publication. Varfolomeyeva compared the strain by cross-absorption tests with strain Mitis Johnson and suggested the serovar name tarassovi (1958). 
DV-A is an abberivation of "Dalnyj Vostok" (=Far East). As the use of abbreviations are not in accordance with Rule 14 of the Code, the TSC decided at the Moscow meeting (1966) to adopt the serovar name tarassovi. This name appeared already in the serovar list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) with Perepelicin as name of the reference strain. Because this strain was for many years not available to most laboratories it was decided, as an exeption, to allow both strains, Perepelicin and Mitis Johnson, to act as refeerence strains until 1982, when alone Perepelicin was recognized as the reference strain of serovar tarassovi.
Since Perepelicin is an incorrect transcription of the in Russian written name of the patient, its correct transcription Perepelitsin is now introduced as strain name and used as such in theattached updated list of serovars.
00187~~~cynopteri~tingomaria~M 13~1984~OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS)~Peru~~The strain was isolated in 1970 from the kidney of an opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) in the Peruvian jungle. The strain is described by Liceras de Hidalgo et al. (1984) as a new serovar named tingomaria with reference strain M 13 in the serogroup Cynopteri. In this publication the serovar name tingomariensis is also mentioned, which may cause confusion. Since it was still not confirmed by a RL, the srain was included in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988) under "provisional" status. As its serovar status has been confirmed recently by a RL, it is now included unconditionally in the attached updated list.
00188~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~tonkini~LT 96-68~1971~HUMAN~South-Vietnam~~The strain LT 96-98 was isolated from a patient in South-Vietnam and described later as representing a new serovar of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup named tonkini (Tsai and Sulzer, 1971).
00189~~~sejroe~trinidad~TRVL 34056~1977~HUMAN~Trinidad~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Trinidad y Spence et al. (1972) and published as a new serovar trinidad, strain TVRL 34056. Galton (WHO, 1967) typed the strain and gave it the laboratory code LT 1098. The strain appeared under this code number in the official WHO list of 1967 with provisional status.
The strain was submitted to factor analysis and described as a new serovar of the subgroup Wolffi of the newly established serogroup Sejroe (Kmety, 1977). A full report with confirmative serotyping results was published by Sulzer et al. (1982). In this publication the strain designation TRVL 34056 is given, which recieves priority over the code number LT 1098.
00190~~~pomona~tropica~CZ 299~1966~SPINY RAT (PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS)~Panama~~The strain was isolated in 1962 from the urine of a Spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus) in the Panama Canal Zone by Gale et al. (1966), who described it as a new serovar desinated tropica, ref. strain CZ 299.
Results of factor analysis studies by Manve (1976) confirmed that tropica has a separate serovar status.
00191~~~pomona~tsaratsovo~B 81/7~1982~HARVEST MICE (MICROMYS MINUTUS)~Bulgaria~~The strain B 52 and B 81 were isolated from harvest mice (Micromys minutus), in the Plovdiv distric of Bulgaria by Ivanov in 1962. They were considered to constitute a new serovar named tsaratsovo with type strain B 52 (Manev, 1974-1975).
However during further studies by Manev and others on subscultures and cloned cultures of the strain B 52, it was found that it changed its characteristics and appeared to be identical to these of serovar mozdok (Manev, 1982). The strain B 81 and its clone B 81/7 received by Bakoss, kept the original described antigenic characteristics.
Manev therefore proposed to consider the well studied clone B 81/7 as the new type strain of the tsaratsovoserovar (1982). Using the monoclonal antibody technique, Terpstra et al. (1987) considred the strain to represent a separate serovar. However Hathaway et al. (1985), using cross agglutinin absorption and restriction endonuclease analysis, did not reveal sufficient differences between the serovars tsaratsovo and mozdok. Therefore the strain is listed as giving controversial typing results (++) (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00192~~~tarassovi~tunis~P 2/65~1969~PIG~Tunis~~The strain was isolated in 1965 from the kidney of a pig in Tunis and described as a new serovar named tunis, ref. strain P 2/65, by Bakoss (1969). The new serovar was recognized by the TSC in 1986 and included in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00193~~~grippotyphosa~valbuzzi~VALBUZZI~1955~HUMAN~~~The strain was isolated from a patient in North Queensland and described as a new serovar named valbuzzi (Smith, Brown, 1955).
The serovar represented by strain Valbuzzi is included in the list of 1967 (WHO, 1967) with the footnote: provisional classification pending further work.
Babudieri considered the strain to be identical to Moskva V. However Dikken found certain differences which were supported by Kokovin (1970).
The strain was submitted to factor analysis which confirmed its separate status (Kmety, Lataste-Dorolle, 1973).
00194~~~grippotyphosa~vanderhoedeni~KIPOD 179~1969~LONG EARED HODGEHOG (HEMIECHINUS AURITUS)~Israel~~The strain was isolated from the kidney of a long-eared heghehog (Hemiechinus auritus) in Israel and described as a new serovar named L. avan der Hoeden, ref. strain Kipod 179 (van der Hoeden, Shenberg, Torten, 1969).
The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety and Lataste-Dorolle (1973), who, on the basis of the results, proposed that the strain should be placed only provisionally within the serogroup Grippotypohosa, since it does not share any common main antigen with the other serovars of that group. The name of the serovar was changed to vanderhoedeni to accored to the IC.
00195~~~pyrogenes~varela~1019~1982~OPOSSUM (PHILANDER OPOSSUM)~Nicaragua~~The strain was isolated in 1964 from an opossum in Nicaragua (Clark, 1966) and published by Sulzer et al. (1982) as a new serovar of the Pyrogenes group named varela, ref. strain 1019.
Bein not yet confirmed by a RL, it is given provisional status (+) on the Revised List (1988) and the attached updated list.
00196~~~tarassovi~vughia~LT 89-68~1971~HUMAN~South Vietnam~~The strain was isolated from the blood of a patient in South Vietnam and described as a new serovar named vughia, ref. strain LT 89-68, by Tsai and Sulzer (1971). The new serovar was recognized by the TSC in 1986 and is included in the Revised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988).
00197~~~sarmin~waskurin~LT 63-68~1971~BANDICOOT (ECHIMIPERA KALABU)~New Guinea~~The strain was isolated in 1967 from a bandicoot (Echimipera kalabu) in New Guinea and was published as a new serovar of the Javanica or Celledoni group named waskurin, reference strain LT 63-68 (Morahan, 1971).
In a letter of 1973 to the TSC, Babudieri stated the strain's close affinity to sarmin and suggested that it should be placed in the Icterohaemorrhagiae group. In Dikken and Kmety's publication of 1978 the strain is listed as a member of the Sarmin subgroup.
At the time of the TSC meeting in Manchester (1986) its serovar status had not yet been confirmed by a RL. It was therefore included in the Revised List (1988) under provisional status (+) (Kmety, Dikken, 1988). Latter its serovar status was confirmed by a RL and therefore it was recognized by the TSC (Osaka, 1990) and is placed in the attached updated list unconditionally within the Sarmin group.
00198~~~sarmin~weaveri~CZ 390~1966~HUMAN~Panama~~The strain was isolated from urine of a patient in the Panam Canal Zone in 1961 and described as a new serovar of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup (Gale et al., 1966). In Dikken and Kmety's publication (1978) it was proposed that the strain should be listed as a member of the Sarmin subgroup of the Icterohaermorrhagiae serogroup. However, in the Revised List of 1988 it is included in the reestablished Sarmin serogroup (Kmety and Dikken, 1988).
00199~~~autumnalis~weerasinghe~WEERASINGHE~~HUMAN~Sri Lanka~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Sri Lanka during the period 1965-1966 and is mentioned by Chernukha et al. in the Fifth inf. Exch. in Lept. (WHO, 1968) as a separate serovar named weerasinghe.
Nityananda and Harvey (1971) considered the strain to be a new serovar. During the TSC meeting of 1986 the strain was recognized as representing a new serovar and was included in the Revised serovar list (1988). However it was subsequently realized that no typing results and valid description had been published. Consequently the serovar has now been placed in the Annex of the attached updated serovar list.
00200~~~celledoni~whitcombi~WHITCOMB~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated in 1953 from a patient in Malaysia and described as a new 'subserovar' of celledoni, named whitcombi, reference strain Whitcomb, by Alexander et al. (1957). It appears for the first time in the serovar list of 1959 (WHO, 1959) as a 'subserovar' of celledoni, but in the list of 1967 it is recorded as a recognized separate serovar. The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1963), which confirmed its serological status.
00201~~~sejroe~wolffi~3705~1948~HUMAN~Indonesia~~The strain was isoalted in 1937 from a human case of leptospirosis in Sumatra, Indonesia, by Wolf (194). It had been previously mentioned by Schffner (1938) as "L. 3795 (Wolff)" and later by Borg-Petersen (1944), who studied its serological properties. Collier (1948 suggested the serovar name wolffi. The strain name 3705 was used for the first time in the first serovar list of 1954 (Wolff, Broom, 1954). The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977) and placed in the subgroup Wolffi.
00202~~~hebdomadis~worsfoldi~WORSFOLD~1957~HUMAN~Malaysia~~The strain was isolated from a patient in Malaysia and edescribed as a new serovar named worsfoldi (Aleyxander et al., 1957).
In the Second Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Committee on Zoonoses (1959) the strain is listed as a recognied serovar.

The strain was submitted to factor analysis by Kmety (1977), who on the basis of the results suggested that it should be placed in a subgroup to be named Borincana.
00203~~~javanica~yaan~80-27~1984~RAT (CROCIDURA PLATYCEPHALA)~China~~The strain was isolated in 1989 from a species of rat (Crocidura platycephala) in Ya'an county, Sichuan province, China, and described by Gao et al. (1984) as a new serovar named yaan, reference strain 80-27. Its serovar status was confirmed by a RL and it was therefore recognized by the TSC (manchester, 1986). Because of incomplete documentation the strain is listed with i.d. in the REvised List of 1988 (Kmety, Dikken, 1988), and in the attached updated list.
00204~~~icterohaemorrhagiae~yeonchon~HM 3~1991~HUMAN~Korea~~The strain HM 3 was isolated in 1985 from a patient in the Yeonchon are a of Kyunggi Province, Korea (Pak et al., 1986).
The strain was submitted to cross-agglutination absorption test, factor analysis, monoclonal antibodies, and restriction endonuclease analysis and described by Hee-Bok Oh et al. (1991) as a new serovar named yeonchonin the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup.
Its serovar status has been confirmed by a Rl. Therefore the strain is included unconditionally in the attached updated serovar list.
00205~~~mini~yunnan~A 10~1988~HUMAN~China~~The strain was isolated in 1962 from the blood of a patient in Mengla County, China, and described as a new serovar of the enlarged Hebdomadis group by Zhang Fangzheng et al., 1988. Because of its close relationship with members of the Mni group, it was placed in that group. The serovar got "provisional status" as it has not yet been confirmed by a RL (+). The was accepted by the TSC (Osaka, 1990).
00206~~~tarassovi~yunxian~L 100~1988~PIG~China~~The strain was isolated in 1986 from a pig in Yunnan province, China, and described by Li Cui-zhi et al. (1988). Its serovar status has not yet been confirmed. Therefore this serovar is listed under provisional status (+) in the attached updated list. This was accepted by the TSC (Osaka, 1988).
00207~~~pyrogenes~zanoni~ZANONI~1937~HUMAN~Australia~~The strain was isolated 1933 from a patient in Australia by Cotter and Sawers (1934) and studied by Lumley (1937), who tentatively named the group represented by this train Australis B.
Walch-Sorgdrager et al. (1938) studied the strain in more detail and found it to be closely related to Salinem.
In Wolff and room's list of 1954 the strain is placed already within the Pyrogenes group under the serovar name australis B, reference strain Zanoni/C 14.
The serovar name was changed later tozanoni-australis B (WHO, 1959),but in the 1965 list (WHO, 1965) only the name zanoni is given as both teh serovar name and strain name. The strain was submitted to factor analyisis by Kmety (1967), on the basis of which it was suggested that the serovar should be placed in subgroup Zanoni (Dikken, Kmety, 1978).
00208~~~javanica~zhenkang~L 82~1988~HOUSE RAT (RATTUS FLAVIPECTUS)~China~~The strain was isolated from a house rat (Rattus flavipectus) in Yunnan province of China and described as a new serovar named zhenkang, reference strain L 82, by Li Cui-zhi et al. (1988). No confirmative typing results are known, and it is therefore included in the attached updated list under provisional status (+).
